Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, Wageningen 6708 WD, The Netherlands.
Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, Utrecht 3584 CT, The Netherlands.
Nutrients. 2018 Nov 17;10(11):1788. doi: 10.3390/nu10111788.
Starches of low and high digestibility have different metabolic effects. Here, we examined whether this gives differential metabolic programming when fed in the immediate post-weaning period. Chow-fed mice were time-mated, and their nests were standardized and cross-fostered at postnatal days 1⁻2. After postnatal week (PW) 3, individually housed female and male offspring were switched to a lowly-digestible (LDD) or highly-digestible starch diet (HDD) for three weeks. All of the mice received the same high-fat diet (HFD) for nine weeks thereafter. Energy and substrate metabolism and carbohydrate fermentation were studied at the end of the HDD/LDD and HFD periods by extended indirect calorimetry. Glucose tolerance (PW 11) and metabolic flexibility (PW14) were analyzed. Directly in response to the LDD versus the HDD, females showed smaller adipocytes with less crown-like structures in gonadal white adipose tissue, while males had a lower fat mass and higher whole body fat oxidation levels. Both LDD-fed females and males showed an enlarged intestinal tract. Although most of the phenotypical differences disappeared in adulthood in both sexes, females exposed to LDD versus HDD in the early post-weaning period showed improved metabolic flexibility in adulthood. Cumulatively, these results suggest that the type of starch introduced after weaning could, at least in females, program later-life health.
低消化率和高消化率的淀粉具有不同的代谢效应。在这里，我们研究了在断奶后立即给予这些淀粉时，是否会产生不同的代谢编程。给予标准 chow 饮食的小鼠进行同期发情，并在产后第 1-2 天标准化巢穴并进行交叉寄养。产后第 3 周，将单独饲养的雌性和雄性后代分别切换到低消化率（LDD）或高消化率淀粉饮食（HDD）中喂养 3 周。此后，所有小鼠均接受相同的高脂肪饮食（HFD）喂养 9 周。通过延长间接测热法在 HDD/LDD 和 HFD 期结束时研究能量和底物代谢以及碳水化合物发酵。分析葡萄糖耐量（PW11）和代谢灵活性（PW14）。直接响应于 LDD 与 HDD，雌性的生殖白色脂肪组织中具有较小的脂肪细胞和较少的冠层结构，而雄性的脂肪量较低且全身脂肪氧化水平较高。LDD 喂养的雌性和雄性的肠道均增大。尽管在成年期，两性的大多数表型差异都消失了，但在早期断奶后暴露于 LDD 与 HDD 的雌性在成年期显示出更好的代谢灵活性。总之，这些结果表明，断奶后引入的淀粉类型至少可以在雌性中编程后期的健康。
