Campbell Grace J, Senior Alistair M, Bell-Anderson Kim S
Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Charles Perkins Centre, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Nutrients. 2017 Jun 22;9(7):646. doi: 10.3390/nu9070646.
Low glycaemic index (LGI) diets are often reported to benefit metabolic health, but the mechanism(s) responsible are not clear. This review aimed to systematically identify studies investigating metabolic effects of high glycaemic index (HGI) versus LGI diets in mice and rats. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate an overall effect size, Hedge's standardised mean differences (hereafter , for each trait, with moderator variables considered in subsequent meta-regressions. Across 30 articles, a HGI diet increased five of the seven traits examined: body weight ( = 0.55; 95% confidence interval: 0.31, 0.79), fat mass ( = 1.08; 0.67, 1.49), fasting circulating insulin levels ( = 0.40; 0.09, 0.71), and glucose ( = 0.80; 0.35, 1.25) and insulin ( = 1.14; 0.50, 1.77) area under the curve during a glucose tolerance test. However, there was substantial heterogeneity among the effects for all traits and the small number of studies enabled only limited investigation of possible confounding factors. HGI diets favour body weight gain, increased adiposity and detrimentally affect parameters of glucose homeostasis in mice and rats, but these effects may not be a direct result of GI per se; rather they may be due to variation in other dietary constituents, such as dietary fibre, a factor which is known to reduce the GI of food and promote health via GI-independent mechanisms.
低血糖指数（LGI）饮食通常被认为有益于代谢健康，但其中的作用机制尚不清楚。本综述旨在系统地识别研究高血糖指数（HGI）饮食与LGI饮食对小鼠和大鼠代谢影响的相关研究。进行了一项荟萃分析以计算总体效应量，即赫奇斯标准化平均差（以下简称 ），针对每个特征进行计算，并在后续的荟萃回归中考虑调节变量。在30篇文章中，HGI饮食增加了所检测的七个特征中的五个：体重（ = 0.55；95%置信区间：0.31，0.79）、脂肪量（ = 1.08；0.67，1.49）、空腹循环胰岛素水平（ = 0.40；0.09，0.71），以及葡萄糖耐量试验期间的葡萄糖（ = 0.80；0.35，1.25）和胰岛素（ = 1.14；0.50，1.77）曲线下面积。然而，所有特征的效应之间存在很大的异质性，并且研究数量较少，仅能对可能的混杂因素进行有限的调查。HGI饮食有利于小鼠和大鼠体重增加、肥胖加剧，并对葡萄糖稳态参数产生不利影响，但这些影响可能并非GI本身的直接结果；相反，它们可能是由于其他饮食成分的差异，如膳食纤维，已知膳食纤维可降低食物的GI并通过与GI无关的机制促进健康。
