Hofäcker Dirk, Hess Moritz, König Stefanie
Institut für Soziale Arbeit und Sozialpolitik, Fakultät für Bildungswissenschaften, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Deutschland.
Institut für Gerontologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Evinger Platz 13, 44339, Dortmund, Deutschland.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2019 Feb;52(Suppl 1):40-51. doi: 10.1007/s00391-018-01476-1. Epub 2018 Nov 19.
In the last two decades labor market participation for older employees has undergone a gradual political paradigm shift in many European countries from a policy of early retirement to one of extending working lives and active aging.
This study investigated if this political paradigm shift is causing new social inequalities in retirement transition due to restricted financial possibilities for early retirement.
Data were derived from the European Union Labor Force Survey from the years 2006 and 2012 and selected European countries (Germany, Austria, Sweden and Estonia) were analyzed.
Associations between the specific implementation of the policy of active aging, the freedom of choice in retirement timing and retirement transition were found. It seems that voluntary retirement transitions are highest in those countries where the labor market and social policies are most coherent and aimed at supporting older workers' employability.
The reduction of early retirement incentives should be supported by active labor market policies and a policy of extensive age-independent further training measures in order to minimize social inequalities.
在过去二十年中，许多欧洲国家老年员工的劳动力市场参与情况经历了一场渐进的政治范式转变，从提前退休政策转向延长工作寿命和积极老龄化政策。
本研究调查了这种政治范式转变是否由于提前退休的经济可能性受限而在退休过渡中造成新的社会不平等。
数据来自2006年和2012年的欧盟劳动力调查，并对选定的欧洲国家（德国、奥地利、瑞典和爱沙尼亚）进行了分析。
发现了积极老龄化政策的具体实施、退休时间选择自由与退休过渡之间的关联。在劳动力市场和社会政策最为协调一致且旨在支持老年工人就业能力的国家，自愿退休过渡似乎最高。
积极的劳动力市场政策和广泛的与年龄无关的进一步培训措施政策应支持减少提前退休激励措施，以尽量减少社会不平等。
