Sawai Akemi, Mathis Bryan J, Natsui Hiroaki, Zaboronok Alexander, Mitsuhashi Risa, Warashina Yuki, Mesaki Noboru, Shiraki Hitoshi, Watanabe Koichi
Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Int J Womens Health. 2018 Oct 30;10:671-687. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S175446. eCollection 2018.
Menstrual dysfunction, musculoskeletal injury, and poor nutrition combine to form the female athlete triad (FAT), which results in serious health consequences for affected athletes. To this point, the risk factors of this phenomenon have not been fully explored in Japanese female college athletes. Additionally, the effect of competitive level on FAT risk factors has also not been reported. Therefore, we aimed to examine FAT risk factors in Japanese female athletes of various sports as well as examine the impact of competitive level on FAT.
A Japanese-language survey was completed by 531 athletes and 20 nonathletes at two Japanese universities and answers with regard to menstrual status, musculoskeletal injury, nutrition, and other variables were analyzed based on classification of the sports into nine distinct groups based on activity type. Sport intensity, training volume, and competitive levels were used to further classify each sport. One-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test using SPSS were carried out to analyze significance for relationships between sport intensity and FAT risk factors. Additionally, the relationship between competitive level and FAT risk factors was analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests.
Sport intensity was positively correlated with a delay in menarche as well as dysmenorrhea and poor nutrition while musculoskeletal injury was correlated with repetitive, high-training volume sports. Lower competitive levels increased dysmenorrhea but did not impact injury status or nutrition.
Sport intensity and training volume, but not competitive level, are the critical factors affecting FAT risk in Japanese female college athletes.
月经功能紊乱、肌肉骨骼损伤和营养不良共同构成了女性运动员三联征（FAT），这给受影响的运动员带来了严重的健康后果。至此，日本女大学生运动员中这一现象的风险因素尚未得到充分研究。此外，竞技水平对FAT风险因素的影响也未见报道。因此，我们旨在研究不同运动项目的日本女运动员的FAT风险因素，并探讨竞技水平对FAT的影响。
两所日本大学的531名运动员和20名非运动员完成了一份日语调查问卷，并根据运动类型将运动分为九个不同的组，分析了有关月经状况、肌肉骨骼损伤、营养和其他变量的答案。运动强度、训练量和竞技水平被用于进一步对每项运动进行分类。使用SPSS进行单因素方差分析和Bonferroni事后检验，以分析运动强度与FAT风险因素之间关系的显著性。此外，通过方差分析和Bonferroni事后检验分析竞技水平与FAT风险因素之间的关系。
运动强度与初潮延迟、痛经和营养不良呈正相关，而肌肉骨骼损伤与重复性、高训练量的运动相关。较低的竞技水平会增加痛经，但不影响损伤状况或营养状况。
运动强度和训练量而非竞技水平是影响日本女大学生运动员FAT风险的关键因素。
