Faculté de Médecine Université de Kolwesi/Lualaba, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Vice Présidente de La Maison de l'Artemisia(association Loi 1901), 20 rue Pierre Demours, 75017Paris, France.
Phytomedicine. 2018 Dec 1;51:233-240. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.014. Epub 2018 Oct 10.
Schistosomiasis (bilharzia), a serious neglected tropical disease affecting millions, has few cost-effective treatments, so two Artemisia wormwood species, A. annua and A. afra, were compared with the current standard praziquantel (PZQ) treatment in an 800 patient clinical trial, August-November of 2015.
The double blind, randomized, superiority clinical trial had three treatment arms: 400 for PZQ, 200 for A. annua, and 200 for A. afra. PZQ-treated patients followed manufacturer posology. Artemisia-treated patients received 1 l/d of dry leaf/twig tea infusions divided into 3 aliquots daily, for 7 days with 28-day follow-up.
Of 800 enrolled patients having an average of >700 Schistosoma mansoni eggs per fecal sample, 780 completed the trial. Within 14 days of treatment, all Artemisia-treated patients had no detectable eggs in fecal smears, a result sustained 28 days post treatment. Eggs in fecal smears of PZQ-treated patients were undetectable after D21. More males than females who entered the trial had melena, but both genders responded equally well to treatment; by D28 melena disappeared in all patients. In all arms, eosinophil levels declined by about 27% from D0 to D28. From D0 to D28 hemoglobin increases were greater in PZQ and A. afra-treated patients than in A. annua-treated patients. Hematocrit increases were greater from D0 to D28 for patients treated with either PZQ or A. annua compared to those treated with A. afra. Gender comparison showed that A. afra-treated males had significantly greater hemoglobin and hematocrit increases by D28 than either PZQ or A. annua-treated males. In contrast, PZQ and A. afra-treated females had greater hemoglobin and hematocrit increases than A. annua-treated females. Both adults and pediatric patients treated with A. annua responded better compared to PZQ treatment.
Both A. annua and A. afra provided faster effective treatment of schistosomiasis and should be considered for implementation on a global scale.
血吸虫病（裂体吸虫病）是一种严重的被忽视的热带病，影响着数百万人，目前只有少数具有成本效益的治疗方法，因此，在 2015 年 8 月至 11 月期间，对两种青蒿属植物（青蒿和青蒿）与目前的标准药物吡喹酮（PZQ）进行了 800 名患者的临床试验比较。
这项双盲、随机、优效性临床试验有三个治疗组：400 名患者接受 PZQ 治疗，200 名患者接受青蒿治疗，200 名患者接受青蒿治疗。接受 PZQ 治疗的患者按照制造商的剂量进行治疗。接受青蒿治疗的患者每天服用 3 次，每次 1 升干叶/小枝茶浸泡液，持续 7 天，随访 28 天。
在 800 名入组患者中，平均每人粪便样本中有>700 个曼氏血吸虫卵，780 名患者完成了试验。在治疗后 14 天内，所有接受青蒿治疗的患者粪便涂片均未检测到虫卵，这一结果在治疗后 28 天仍持续存在。接受 PZQ 治疗的患者在 D21 后粪便涂片未检测到虫卵。进入试验的男性比女性更容易出现黑便，但两种性别对治疗的反应同样良好；到 D28 时，所有患者的黑便均消失。在所有治疗组中，嗜酸性粒细胞水平从 D0 到 D28 下降了约 27%。从 D0 到 D28，接受 PZQ 和青蒿治疗的患者血红蛋白水平升高大于接受青蒿治疗的患者。从 D0 到 D28，接受 PZQ 或青蒿治疗的患者与接受青蒿治疗的患者相比，红细胞压积升高更大。性别比较显示，与接受 PZQ 或青蒿治疗的男性相比，接受青蒿治疗的男性在 D28 时血红蛋白和红细胞压积升高更为显著。相比之下，接受 PZQ 和青蒿治疗的女性比接受青蒿治疗的女性血红蛋白和红细胞压积升高更为显著。与 PZQ 治疗相比，接受青蒿治疗的成年患者和儿科患者的反应更好。
青蒿和青蒿都能更快地有效治疗血吸虫病，应该在全球范围内考虑实施。
