Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Kumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, 63-2 Pusandaehak-ro, Kumjeong-gu, Pusan 46241, Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Nov 22;19(12):3715. doi: 10.3390/ijms19123715.
The liver has a wide range of physiological functions in the body, and its health is maintained by complex cross-talk among hepatic cells, including parenchymal hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. Exosomes, which are one method of cellular communication, are endosomal-derived small vesicles that are released by donor cells and delivered to the target cells at both short and long distances. Because exosomes carry a variety of cargoes, including proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs and other noncoding RNAs originating from donor cells, exosomes convey cellular information that enables them to potentially serve as biomarkers and therapeutics in liver diseases. Hepatocytes release exosomes to neighboring hepatocytes or nonparenchymal cells to regulate liver regeneration and repair. Nonparenchymal cells, including hepatic stellate cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and cholangiocytes, also secrete exosomes to regulate liver remodeling upon liver injury. Exosomes that are released from liver cancer cells create a favorable microenvironment for cancer growth and progression. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current findings and understanding of exosome-mediated intercellular communication in the liver, with a particular focus on the function of exosomes in both health and disease. Based on the current findings, we suggest the potential applications of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutics for liver diseases.
肝脏在体内具有广泛的生理功能，其健康由包括实质肝细胞和非实质细胞在内的肝细 胞之间的复杂串扰来维持。外泌体是细胞通讯的一种方式，是由供体细胞释放并递送至短距 离和长距离靶细胞的内体衍生的小囊泡。由于外泌体携带多种来源于供体细胞的货物，包括 蛋白质、mRNA、miRNA 和其他非编码 RNA，外泌体传递细胞信息，使其有可能成为肝脏疾 病的生物标志物和治疗药物。肝细胞将外泌体释放到邻近的肝细胞或非实质细胞中，以调节肝 脏再生和修复。非实质细胞，包括肝星状细胞、肝窦内皮细胞和胆管细胞，也分泌外泌体以调 节肝损伤时的肝重塑。肝癌细胞释放的外泌体为癌症生长和进展创造了有利的微环境。在本 综述中，我们总结和讨论了目前关于外泌体介导的肝脏细胞间通讯的研究结果和理解，特别 关注了外泌体在健康和疾病中的功能。基于目前的研究结果，我们提出了外泌体作为肝脏疾 病生物标志物和治疗药物的潜在应用。
