Vázquez-López Rosalino, Solano-Gálvez Sandra, León-Chávez Bertha A, Thompson-Bonilla María R, Guerrero-González Tayde, Gómez-Conde Eduardo, Martínez-Fong Daniel, González-Barrios Juan A
CICSA Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Anáhuac Mexico Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Estado de Mexico 52786, Mexico.
Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico. Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico.
High Throughput. 2018 Nov 23;7(4):36. doi: 10.3390/ht7040036.
Beta-lactam resistant bacteria, which are commonly resident in tertiary hospitals, have emerged as a worldwide health problem because of ready-to-eat vegetable intake. We aimed to characterize the genes that provide resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Enterobacteriaceae, isolated from five commercial salad brands for human consumption in Mexico City. In total, twenty-five samples were collected, grown in blood agar plates, and the bacteria were biochemistry identified and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done. The carried family genes were identified by endpoint PCR and the specific genes were confirmed with whole genome sequencing (WGS) by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Twelve positive cultures were identified and their microbiological distribution was as follows: 8.3% for ( = 1), 8.3% for ( = 1), 16.7% for ( = 2), 16.7% for ( = 2), and 50% ( = 6) for . The endpoint PCR results showed 11 colonies positive for BIL (91.7%), 11 for SHV (91.7%), 11 for CTX (97.7%), 12 for DHA (100%), four for VIM (33.3%), two for OXA (16.7%), two for IMP (16.7%), one for KPC (8.3%), and one for TEM (8.3%) gen; all samples were negative for ROB, CMY, P, CFX and LAP gene. The sequencing analysis revealed a specific genotype for (blaSHV-12, blaCTX-M-15, blaDHA-1, blaKPC-2); (blaSHV-1, blaCTX-M-3, blaDHA-1, blaVIM-2); (blaSHV-12, blaCTX-M-15, blaDHA-1); (blaSHV-12, blaVIM-1, blaDHA-1); and, (blaSHV-1, blaCTX-M-1, blaDHA-1, blaVIM-2, blaOXA-9). Our results indicate that beta-lactam-resistant bacteria have acquired integrons with a different number of genes that provide pan-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, oxacillins, cefalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems, and imipenems.
β-内酰胺耐药菌常见于三级医院，由于即食蔬菜的摄入，已成为一个全球性的健康问题。我们旨在鉴定从墨西哥城五个供人类食用的商业沙拉品牌中分离出的肠杆菌科细菌中对β-内酰胺类抗生素产生耐药性的基因。总共收集了25个样本，在血琼脂平板上培养，对细菌进行生化鉴定并进行药敏试验。通过终点PCR鉴定携带的家族基因，并用下一代测序（NGS）通过全基因组测序（WGS）确认特定基因。鉴定出12个阳性培养物，其微生物分布如下：阴沟肠杆菌（n = 1）占8.3%，产气肠杆菌（n = 1）占8.3%，肺炎克雷伯菌（n = 2）占16.7%，大肠埃希菌（n = 2）占16.7%，奇异变形杆菌（n = 6）占50%。终点PCR结果显示，11个菌落BIL基因阳性（91.7%），11个SHV基因阳性（91.7%），11个CTX基因阳性（97.7%），12个DHA基因阳性（100%），4个VIM基因阳性（33.3%），2个OXA基因阳性（16.7%），2个IMP基因阳性（16.7%），1个KPC基因阳性（8.3%），1个TEM基因阳性（8.3%）；所有样本ROB、CMY、P、CFX和LAP基因均为阴性。测序分析揭示了阴沟肠杆菌的特定基因型（blaSHV-12、blaCTX-M-15、blaDHA-1、blaKPC-2）；产气肠杆菌（blaSHV-1、blaCTX-M-3、blaDHA-1、blaVIM-2）；肺炎克雷伯菌（blaSHV-12、blaCTX-M-15、blaDHA-1）；大肠埃希菌（blaSHV-12、blaVIM-1、blaDHA-1）；以及奇异变形杆菌（blaSHV-1、blaCTX-M-1、blaDHA-1、blaVIM-2、blaOXA-9）。我们的结果表明，β-内酰胺耐药菌已获得具有不同数量基因的整合子，这些基因赋予对β-内酰胺类抗生素的泛耐药性，包括青霉素、苯唑西林、头孢菌素、单环β-内酰胺类、碳青霉烯类和亚胺培南。
