Department of Dietetics, Health University of Applied Sciences Tyrol, Innrain 98, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Public Health Nutr. 2019 Mar;22(3):455-465. doi: 10.1017/S1368980018003270. Epub 2018 Nov 29.
The present study aimed to identify dietary patterns, compare dietary patterns regarding nutrient profile and investigate the association between dietary patterns and body composition in a population in western Austria.
In a cross-sectional study, eating habits, anthropometric measurements and body composition were assessed. Food intake was collected by two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Factor analysis (principal component analysis) with complementary cluster analysis was applied to identify dietary patterns. Associations of dietary patterns with body composition and nutrient profile were examined by the t test, one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA with Bonferroni's correction. The χ 2 test was used for categorical variables.
Tyrol, western Austria, 2014-2015.ParticipantsAdults (n 463) aged 18-64 years.
Three dietary patterns were derived, labelled as the 'health-conscious', the 'western' and the 'traditional' dietary pattern. After adjustment for confounding variables, individuals following the traditional and western patterns were more likely to be overweight/obese (P <0·001) and to have a higher body fat percentage (P <0·05). Individuals following the traditional dietary pattern consumed significantly more SFA and less PUFA and dietary fibre (P <0·001) than those in the other groups.
Individuals who mostly eat in a traditional way should be encouraged to increase their consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and healthy fats. It is important to know local eating habits not only for planning individual nutritional therapy, but also for well-directed public health actions.
本研究旨在确定饮食模式，比较营养状况方面的饮食模式，并探讨饮食模式与奥地利西部人群身体成分之间的关系。
在一项横断面研究中，评估了饮食习惯、人体测量学测量和身体成分。通过两次非连续的 24 小时回忆收集食物摄入量。应用因子分析（主成分分析）和补充聚类分析来识别饮食模式。通过 t 检验、单因素方差分析和协方差分析（Bonferroni 校正）检查饮食模式与身体成分和营养状况的关联。使用 χ 2 检验进行分类变量分析。
奥地利西部蒂罗尔州，2014-2015 年。
年龄在 18-64 岁的成年人（n 463）。
得出了三种饮食模式，分别标记为“注重健康”、“西方”和“传统”饮食模式。在调整混杂变量后，遵循传统和西方模式的个体更容易超重/肥胖（P <0·001），体脂百分比更高（P <0·05）。遵循传统饮食模式的个体摄入的 SFA 显著更多，而 PUFA 和膳食纤维更少（P <0·001），与其他组相比。
应鼓励那些主要以传统方式进食的人增加蔬菜、水果、全谷物和健康脂肪的摄入量。了解当地的饮食习惯不仅对规划个体营养治疗很重要，而且对有针对性的公共卫生行动也很重要。
