Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2019 Jul;72(Suppl 1):55-59. doi: 10.1038/s41430-018-0309-5.
Health benefits of moderate wine consumption have been studied during the past decades, first in observational studies and more recently, in experimental settings and randomized controlled studies. Suggested biological pathways include antioxidant, lipid regulating, and anti-inflammatory effects. Both the alcoholic and polyphenolic components of wine are believed to contribute to these beneficial effects. Although several of these studies demonstrated protective associations between moderate drinking and cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, certain types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, neurological disorders, and the metabolic syndrome, no conclusive recommendations exist regarding moderate wine consumption. Yet, it is suggested that the physician and patient should discuss alcohol use. In the CASCADE (CArdiovaSCulAr Diabetes & Ethanol) trial, 224 abstainers with type 2 diabetes were randomized to consume red wine, white wine or mineral water for two years. Here, we summarize our previous findings, offer new evidence concerning the differential effects of wine consumption among men and women, and further suggest that initiating moderate alcohol consumption among well-controlled persons with type 2 diabetes is apparently safe, in regard to changes in heart rate variability and carotid plaque formation.
过去几十年来，人们一直在研究适量饮酒对健康的益处，最初是在观察性研究中，最近则是在实验和随机对照研究中进行。推测其生物学机制包括抗氧化、调节脂质和抗炎作用。葡萄酒中的酒精和多酚成分都被认为对这些有益作用有贡献。尽管这些研究中的一些表明适量饮酒与心血管疾病、动脉粥样硬化、高血压、某些类型的癌症、2 型糖尿病、神经紊乱和代谢综合征之间存在保护关联，但对于适量饮酒没有明确的建议。然而，建议医生和患者应讨论饮酒问题。在 CASCADE（心血管糖尿病与乙醇）试验中，224 名 2 型糖尿病患者被随机分为两组，分别饮用红葡萄酒、白葡萄酒或矿泉水，为期两年。在这里，我们总结了之前的发现，提供了关于饮酒对男性和女性影响差异的新证据，并进一步表明，对于血糖控制良好的 2 型糖尿病患者，适度饮酒的起始是安全的，不会导致心率变异性和颈动脉斑块形成的变化。
