有氧运动可改善老年人的微血管功能。
Aerobic Exercise Improves Microvascular Function in Older Adults.
机构信息
Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UNITED KINGDOM.
出版信息
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019 Apr;51(4):773-781. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001854.
UNLABELLED
Microvascular function is reduced with age, disease, and inactivity. Exercise is well known to improve vascular health and has the potential to improve microvascular function in aging and disease.
PURPOSE
The study aimed to assess changes in peripheral microvascular function in sedentary older adults after aerobic exercise training.
METHODS
Twenty-three sedentary older adults (67 ± 5 yr, body mass index = 29 ± 5, mean ± SD) successfully completed a randomized 12-wk graded treadmill walking intervention. The exercise group (EX) performed 40 min of uphill walking 4 d·wk at 70% heart rate reserve. The control group (CON) maintained a sedentary lifestyle for 12 wk. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses of the soleus measured by magnetic resonance imaging were used to evaluate microvascular function; brief (1 s) maximal plantarflexion contractions were performed. Separately, blood flow in the popliteal artery was measured by ultrasound after brief contraction. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the calf was used to examine muscle oxidative capacity, and whole-body peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak) was used to confirm training-induced cardiorespiratory adaptations.
RESULTS
Peak postcontraction BOLD response increased by 33% in EX (PRE, 3.3% ± 1.0%; POST, 4.4% ± 1.4%) compared with CON (PRE, 3.0% ± 1.3%; POST, 3.2% ± 1.5%), P < 0.05. EX with hypertension tended to show a blunted peak BOLD increase (n = 6, 15%) compared with EX normotensive (n = 7, 50%), P = 0.056. Peak postcontraction blood flow increased by 39% in EX (PRE, 217 ± 88 mL·min; POST, 302 ± 167 mL·min) compared with CON (PRE, 188 ± 54 mL·min; POST, 184 ± 44 mL·min), P < 0.05. EX muscle oxidative capacity (kPCr) improved by 40% (PRE, 1.60 ± 0.57 min; POST, 2.25 ± 0.80 min) compared with CON (PRE, 1.69 ± 0.28 min; POST, 1.76 ± 0.52 min), P < 0.05. V˙O2peak increased by 9% for EX (PRE, 19.0 ± 3.1 mL·kg·min; POST, 20.8 ± 2.9 mL·kg·min) compared with a 7% loss in CON (PRE, 21.9 ± 3.6 mL·kg·min; POST, 20.4 ± 3.5 mL·kg·min), P < 0.05.
CONCLUSION
Moderate aerobic exercise significantly improved microvascular function of the leg in older adults.
目的
本研究旨在评估久坐的老年人群在进行有氧运动训练后外周微血管功能的变化。
方法
23 名久坐的老年受试者（67±5 岁，体重指数=29±5，均值±标准差）成功完成了一项随机的 12 周分级跑步机步行干预。运动组（EX）以 70%心率储备进行 4 天/周的上坡行走 40 分钟。对照组（CON）保持 12 周的久坐生活方式。通过磁共振成像测量比目鱼肌的血氧水平依赖性（BOLD）反应来评估微血管功能；进行短暂（1 秒）最大足底屈肌收缩。短暂收缩后，通过超声测量腘动脉的血流量。小腿的磷磁共振波谱用于检测肌肉氧化能力，全身峰值摄氧量（V˙O2peak）用于确认训练引起的心肺适应。
结果
与 CON（PRE，3.0%±1.3%；POST，3.2%±1.5%）相比，EX 中的最大收缩后 BOLD 反应峰值增加了 33%（PRE，3.3%±1.0%；POST，4.4%±1.4%），P<0.05。EX 中患有高血压的受试者与 EX 中血压正常的受试者相比，其最大 BOLD 增加趋势减弱（n=6，15%；n=7，50%），P=0.056。与 CON（PRE，188±54 mL·min；POST，184±44 mL·min）相比，EX 中的最大收缩后血流量增加了 39%（PRE，188±54 mL·min；POST，302±167 mL·min），P<0.05。EX 肌肉氧化能力（kPCr）改善了 40%（PRE，1.60±0.57 min；POST，2.25±0.80 min），与 CON（PRE，1.69±0.28 min；POST，1.76±0.52 min）相比，P<0.05。EX 的 V˙O2peak 增加了 9%（PRE，19.0±3.1 mL·kg·min；POST，20.8±2.9 mL·kg·min），而 CON 则下降了 7%（PRE，21.9±3.6 mL·kg·min；POST，20.4±3.5 mL·kg·min），P<0.05。
结论
适度的有氧运动显著改善了老年人群腿部的微血管功能。
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