Del Olmo Nuria, Ruiz-Gayo Mariano
Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2018 Nov 20;12:439. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00439. eCollection 2018.
The negative impact of obesity on neurocognitive functioning is an issue of increasing clinical interest. Over the last decade, a number of studies have analyzed the influence of high-fat diets (HFDs) on cognitive performance, particularly in adolescent individuals. Different approaches, including behavioral, neurochemical, electrophysiological and morphological studies, have been developed to address the effect of HFDs on neural processes interfering with learning and memory skills in rodents. Many of the studies have focused on learning and memory related to the hippocampus and the mechanisms underlying these processes. The goal of the current review article is to highlight the relationship between hippocampal learning/memory deficits and nutritional/endocrine inputs derived from HFDs consumption, with a special emphasis on research showing the effect of HFDs intake during the juvenile period. We have also reviewed recent research regarding the effect of HFDs on hippocampal neurotransmission. An overview of research suggesting the involvement of fatty acid (FA) receptor-mediated signaling pathways in memory deficits triggered by HFDs is also provided. Finally, the role of leptin and HFD-evoked hyperleptinemia is discussed.
肥胖对神经认知功能的负面影响是一个临床关注度日益增加的问题。在过去十年中，许多研究分析了高脂饮食（HFD）对认知表现的影响，尤其是在青少年个体中。已经开发了包括行为、神经化学、电生理和形态学研究在内的不同方法，以探讨HFD对啮齿动物中干扰学习和记忆技能的神经过程的影响。许多研究集中在与海马体相关的学习和记忆以及这些过程的潜在机制上。本综述文章的目的是强调海马体学习/记忆缺陷与食用HFD所产生的营养/内分泌输入之间的关系，特别强调显示幼年时期摄入HFD影响的研究。我们还回顾了关于HFD对海马体神经传递影响的近期研究。还提供了关于脂肪酸（FA）受体介导的信号通路参与HFD引发的记忆缺陷的研究概述。最后，讨论了瘦素和HFD诱发的高瘦素血症的作用。
