College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
J Clin Nurs. 2019 Apr;28(7-8):1193-1204. doi: 10.1111/jocn.14726. Epub 2018 Dec 19.
To explore the transition to nursing practice experiences of first- and second-career nursing students.
To address the nursing shortage, alternative educational programmes have been increasingly developed and implemented with to help individuals with prior career experiences transition into a career in nursing (second-career nurses). However, we know little about the transition to practice experiences of second-career nurses.
This mixed-methods study utilised qualitative interviews with nurses who had completed a year of practice and a longitudinal survey of nurses' perceptions of stress, coping and burnout throughout their first year of nursing practice.
Qualitative data (n = 15) were analysed using latent thematic analysis and following COREQ guidelines. Descriptive and effect size analysis of quantitative data (n = 122) was conducted in order to assess for significant differences across time points.
The thematic analysis identified three themes: Stressors and Coping, Prevalence of Burnout and Presenteeism, and Difficulty Describing Nursing's Role. The quantitative findings showed that participants' self-compassion decreased over their first year of practice. Levels of stress, presenteeism and burnout increased by the year mark. These increases were meaningfully significant between time points.
Differences in the stressors and coping of first- and second-career nurses should be considered in developing transition to practice programmes for new nurses. Increasing rates of stress, burnout and presenteeism highlight the ongoing need to address these issues. Improving the nurse work environment may aid in the transition to nursing practice of both first- and second-career nurses.
First- and second-career nurses have increasing rates of stress, burnout and presenteeism that need to be addressed. However, there are differences in stressors and coping between first- and second-career nurses.
探索第一和第二护理生涯学生向护理实践经验的转变。
为了解决护理短缺问题，越来越多地开发和实施了替代教育计划，以帮助具有先前职业经验的个人过渡到护理职业（第二护理生涯护士）。然而，我们对第二护理生涯护士的实践经验转变知之甚少。
这项混合方法研究使用了与完成一年实践的护士进行的定性访谈，以及对护士在护理实践第一年的压力、应对和倦怠感的纵向调查。
使用潜在主题分析对定性数据（n=15）进行分析，并遵循 COREQ 指南。对定量数据（n=122）进行描述性和效应量分析，以评估各时间点的显著差异。
主题分析确定了三个主题：压力源和应对、倦怠和出勤的普遍性，以及难以描述护理角色。定量发现表明，参与者的自我同情在他们的第一年实践中下降。压力、出勤和倦怠水平在一年时增加。这些增加在时间点之间具有明显的意义。
在为新护士制定过渡到实践计划时，应考虑第一和第二护理生涯护士的压力源和应对方式的差异。压力、倦怠和出勤的增加率突显了持续解决这些问题的必要性。改善护士工作环境可能有助于第一和第二护理生涯护士的过渡到护理实践。
第一和第二护理生涯护士的压力、倦怠和出勤增加率需要得到解决。然而，第一和第二护理生涯护士之间存在压力源和应对方式的差异。
