Islamic Republic of, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Science, Tehran, Iran.
Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2018 Dec 6;13(1):46. doi: 10.1186/s13011-018-0181-2.
Substance use is a major mental health concern among university students. It may result in behavioral and academic problems, psychiatric disorders, and infectious diseases. Thus, this study investigated the risk and protective factors of substance use among Iranian university students.
This was a cross-sectional study. A number of 7330 students were selected from 30 universities in Iran. The participants completed a researcher-designed questionnaire. It measured life time, previous year and previous month's substance use, demographic characteristics, and a body of risk and protective factors including, religious beliefs, self-esteem, stress and psychological pressure, sensation seeking, attention seeking, anger and aggression, depression and anxiety, parents' positive attitude towards substance use, lack of intimacy between family members, plus substance use, smoking cigarettes or hookah, alcohol consumption, and prescribed medications use by their family members, easy access to illegal drugs, peers' positive attitude towards substance use, peers' drug use, perceived prevalence of substance use among students, and negative attitude toward university. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Participants' anger and aggression, depression and anxiety, participants' positive attitude towards substances, low level of religious beliefs, peers and family member's substance use, and parent's positive attitude towards substance significantly and strongly predicted using cigarette/hookah, alcohol, hard drugs, and prescribed medications. Having a negative attitude toward university significantly predicted using all types of substance (except for prescribed medications). Low self-esteem predicted using cigarette/hookah, and alcohol use. Perceived availability of illegal drugs predicted hard drugs and prescribed medications' consumption. Finally, peers' positive attitude toward drugs anticipated cigarette/hookah use.
Prevention programs are most needed among Iranian students. They should be comprehensive in nature and focus on students' psychoeducation about substances and their related negative consequences, plus promotion of students' life skills, and integrate family- and peer-based preventive interventions.
物质使用是大学生心理健康的一个主要关注点。它可能导致行为和学业问题、精神障碍和传染病。因此，本研究调查了伊朗大学生物质使用的风险和保护因素。
这是一项横断面研究。从伊朗的 30 所大学中选择了 7330 名学生。参与者完成了一份研究人员设计的问卷。它测量了一生、前一年和前一个月的物质使用、人口统计学特征，以及一系列风险和保护因素，包括宗教信仰、自尊、压力和心理压力、寻求刺激、寻求关注、愤怒和攻击性、抑郁和焦虑、父母对物质使用的积极态度、家庭成员之间缺乏亲密关系，以及家庭成员的物质使用、吸烟或水烟、饮酒、以及服用处方药，非法药物的易得性、同伴对物质使用的积极态度、同伴的药物使用、学生中物质使用的普遍看法，以及对大学的消极态度。使用描述性统计和多变量逻辑回归分析来分析数据。
参与者的愤怒和攻击性、抑郁和焦虑、参与者对物质的积极态度、低水平的宗教信仰、同伴和家庭成员的物质使用，以及父母对物质使用的积极态度，显著且强烈预测使用香烟/水烟、酒精、硬毒品和处方药。对大学持消极态度显著预测使用所有类型的物质（除了处方药）。低自尊预测使用香烟/水烟和酒精使用。对非法药物的可获得性的感知预测了硬毒品和处方药的消费。最后，同伴对毒品的积极态度预测了香烟/水烟的使用。
伊朗学生最需要预防计划。它们应该是全面的，注重学生对物质及其相关负面后果的心理教育，以及促进学生的生活技能，并整合基于家庭和同伴的预防干预措施。
