Roşca Ana Maria, Ţuţuianu Raluca, Titorencu Irina Domnica
Laboratory of Mesenchymal Stromal Progenitor Cells Therapy, Department of Regenerative Medicine, "Nicolae Simionescu" Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania;
Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2018;59(3):655-662.
In modern society, the healing of chronic wounds is still a major cause of discomfort for the patients and a financial burden for the care system. Current approaches use either organic tissue-engineered skin substitutes or stem cells based therapy. It has been shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to improve the wound healing process by secreting factors with anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and pro-angiogenic activities either as soluble molecules (growth factors, cytokines) or encapsulated within membrane vesicles (microparticles, exosomes). It has been shown that exosomes, the small membrane vesicles originating from the endocytic pathway, are the main mediators of MSCs paracrine effect. Their complex cargo (mRNA, microRNA and various anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic factors) has been found to induce migration and proliferation of fibroblasts as well as collagen synthesis. Thus, the combination of MSCs derived exosomes and organic biomaterials in order to enhance the healing process represents a novel approach for chronic wounds therapy, involving a cell-free use of MSCs paracrine activity.
在现代社会，慢性伤口的愈合仍然是患者不适的主要原因，也是护理系统的经济负担。目前的方法要么使用有机组织工程皮肤替代物，要么采用基于干细胞的疗法。研究表明，间充质干细胞（MSCs）能够通过分泌具有抗炎、抗纤维化和促血管生成活性的因子来改善伤口愈合过程，这些因子可以是可溶性分子（生长因子、细胞因子），也可以包裹在膜泡（微粒、外泌体）中。研究表明，外泌体是源自内吞途径的小膜泡，是MSCs旁分泌效应的主要介质。已发现其复杂的货物（mRNA、微小RNA以及各种抗凋亡和促血管生成因子）可诱导成纤维细胞的迁移和增殖以及胶原蛋白的合成。因此，将源自MSCs的外泌体与有机生物材料结合以增强愈合过程，代表了一种慢性伤口治疗的新方法，涉及无细胞使用MSCs的旁分泌活性。
