Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, United States.
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, United States.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2019 Oct;29:65-70. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.11.014. Epub 2018 Nov 30.
The control of selective attention is traditionally considered to be either goal-driven or stimulus-driven. Increasing research, however, has linked past experience to attentional selection. Effects of selection history may be transient, as in inter-trial priming, or durable. Here we review several examples of enduring changes of attention and relate them to properties of habits. Like motor habits, reading direction is reinforced over an extended period of time. Despite the brevity of training, probability learning, context learning, value-driven attention, and learned attentional set also exhibit habit-like properties, including automaticity, insensitivity to outcome devaluation, and inflexibility. A consideration of whether a selection history effect is habit-like may help taxonomize diverse forms of experience-driven attention.
传统上，选择性注意的控制被认为要么是目标驱动的，要么是刺激驱动的。然而，越来越多的研究将过去的经验与注意力选择联系起来。选择历史的影响可能是短暂的，如在试验间启动中，也可能是持久的。在这里，我们回顾了几个注意力持久变化的例子，并将它们与习惯的特性联系起来。就像运动习惯一样，阅读方向在很长一段时间内得到强化。尽管训练时间很短，但概率学习、语境学习、价值驱动的注意力以及习得的注意力定势也表现出类似习惯的特性，包括自动性、对结果贬值的不敏感性和不灵活性。考虑一个选择历史效应是否具有类似习惯的特性，可能有助于对不同形式的经验驱动注意力进行分类。
