Uramova Sona, Kubatka Peter, Dankova Zuzana, Kapinova Andrea, Zolakova Barbora, Samec Marek, Zubor Pavol, Zulli Anthony, Valentova Vanda, Kwon Taeg Kyu, Solar Peter, Kello Martin, Kajo Karol, Busselberg Dietrich, Pec Martin, Danko Jan
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
2Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
EPMA J. 2018 Nov 12;9(4):403-419. doi: 10.1007/s13167-018-0154-6. eCollection 2018 Dec.
In contrast to the genetic component in mammary carcinogenesis, epigenetic alterations are particularly important for the development of sporadic breast cancer (BC) comprising over 90% of all BC cases worldwide. Most of the DNA methylation processes are physiological and essential for human cellular and tissue homeostasis, playing an important role in a number of key mechanisms. However, if dysregulated, DNA methylation contributes to pathological processes such as cancer development and progression. A global hypomethylation of oncogenes and hypermethylation of tumor-suppressor genes are characteristic of most cancer types. Moreover, histone chemical modifications and non-coding RNA-associated multi-gene controls are considered as the key epigenetic mechanisms governing the cellular homeostasis and differentiation states. A number of studies demonstrate dietary plant products as actively affecting the development and progression of cancer. "Nutri-epigenetics" focuses on the influence of dietary agents on epigenetic mechanisms. This approach has gained considerable attention; since in contrast to genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications are reversible affect early carcinogenesis. Currently, there is an evident lack of papers dedicated to the phytochemicals/plant extracts as complex epigenetic modulators, specifically in BC. Our paper highlights the role of plant natural compounds in targeting epigenetic alterations associated with BC development, progression, as well as its potential chemoprevention in the context of preventive medicine. Comprehensive measures are stated with a great potential to advance the overall BC management in favor of predictive, preventive, and personalized medical services and can be considered as "proof-of principle" model, for their potential application to other multifactorial diseases.
与乳腺癌发生中的遗传成分不同，表观遗传改变对于散发性乳腺癌（BC）的发展尤为重要，散发性乳腺癌占全球所有乳腺癌病例的90%以上。大多数DNA甲基化过程是生理性的，对人类细胞和组织的稳态至关重要，在许多关键机制中发挥重要作用。然而，如果失调，DNA甲基化会导致诸如癌症发展和进展等病理过程。癌基因的整体低甲基化和肿瘤抑制基因的高甲基化是大多数癌症类型的特征。此外，组蛋白化学修饰和非编码RNA相关的多基因控制被认为是调节细胞稳态和分化状态的关键表观遗传机制。许多研究表明，膳食植物产品会积极影响癌症的发展和进展。“营养表观遗传学”关注膳食因子对表观遗传机制的影响。这种方法已受到相当多的关注；因为与基因改变不同，表观遗传修饰是可逆的，会影响早期致癌过程。目前，明显缺乏专门研究植物化学物质/植物提取物作为复杂表观遗传调节剂的论文，特别是在乳腺癌方面。我们的论文强调了植物天然化合物在针对与乳腺癌发展、进展相关的表观遗传改变中的作用，以及其在预防医学背景下的潜在化学预防作用。文中阐述的综合措施具有推进整体乳腺癌管理的巨大潜力，有利于预测性、预防性和个性化医疗服务，并且因其在其他多因素疾病中的潜在应用，可被视为“原理验证”模型。
