Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy, 2233 Argentia Rd., Suite 201, Mississauga, ON, L5N 2X7, Canada.
Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy, 2233 Argentia Rd., Suite 201, Mississauga, ON, L5N 2X7, Canada.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 Feb;124:385-399. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.005. Epub 2018 Dec 14.
Low/no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) are continually under the spotlight in terms of their safety and benefits; in 2014 a study was published linking LNCS to an enhanced risk of glucose intolerance through modulation of the gut microbiota. In response, an in-depth review of the literature was undertaken to evaluate the major contributors to potential changes in the gut microbiota and their corresponding sequelae, and to determine if consuming LNCS (e.g., acesulfame K, aspartame, cyclamate, neotame, saccharin, sucralose, steviol glycosides) contributes to changes in the microbiome based on the data reported in human and animal studies. A few rodent studies with saccharin have reported changes in the gut microbiome, but primarily at high doses that bear no relevance to human consumption. This and other studies suggesting an effect of LNCS on the gut microbiota were found to show no evidence of an actual adverse effect on human health. The sum of the data provides clear evidence that changes in the diet unrelated to LNCS consumption are likely the major determinants of change in gut microbiota numbers and phyla, confirming the viewpoint supported by all the major international food safety and health regulatory authorities that LNCS are safe at currently approved levels.
低/零卡路里甜味剂（LNCS）的安全性和益处一直备受关注；2014 年发表的一项研究将 LNCS 与通过调节肠道微生物群增强葡萄糖不耐受的风险联系起来。作为回应，对文献进行了深入审查，以评估潜在改变肠道微生物群的主要因素及其相应的后果，并确定根据人类和动物研究报告的数据，食用 LNCS（例如乙酰磺胺酸钾、阿斯巴甜、环己烷氨基磺酸钠、纽甜、糖精、三氯蔗糖、甜菊糖苷）是否会导致微生物组的变化。少数关于糖精的啮齿动物研究报告了肠道微生物组的变化，但主要是在与人类消费无关的高剂量下。这些和其他表明 LNCS 对肠道微生物群有影响的研究发现，没有证据表明对人类健康有实际的不良影响。这些数据清楚地表明，与 LNCS 消费无关的饮食变化可能是肠道微生物群数量和门变化的主要决定因素，证实了所有主要国际食品安全和健康监管机构支持的观点，即 LNCS 在目前批准的水平上是安全的。
