Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States.
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
Front Immunol. 2018 Dec 3;9:2840. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02840. eCollection 2018.
Probiotics are being investigated for the treatment of autoimmune disease by re-balancing dysbiosis induced changes in the immune system. Pregnancy is a health concern surrounding autoimmune disease, both for the mother and her child. Probiotics for maternity are emerging on the market and have gained significant momentum in the literature. Thus far, evidence supports that probiotics alter the structure of the normal microbiota and the microbiota changes significantly during pregnancy. The interaction between probiotics-induced changes and normal changes during pregnancy is poorly understood. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that the maternal gut microbiota influences the microbiota of offspring, leading to questions on how maternal probiotics may influence the health of neonates. Underpinning the development and balance of the immune system, the microbiota, especially that of the gut, is significantly important, and dysbiosis is an agent of immune dysregulation and autoimmunity. However, few studies exist on the implications of maternal probiotics for the outcome of pregnancy in autoimmune disease. Is it helpful or harmful for mother with autoimmune disease to take probiotics, and would this be protective or pathogenic for her child? Controversy surrounds whether probiotics administered maternally or during infancy are healthful for allergic disease, and their use for autoimmunity is relatively unexplored. This review aims to discuss the use of maternal probiotics in health and autoimmune disease and to investigate their immunomodulatory properties.
益生菌通过重新平衡免疫系统失调引起的变化，正在被研究用于治疗自身免疫性疾病。怀孕是一个与自身免疫性疾病有关的健康问题，既涉及母亲也涉及她的孩子。用于产妇的益生菌正在市场上出现，并在文献中获得了显著的发展势头。到目前为止，有证据表明益生菌改变了正常微生物群的结构，并且微生物群在怀孕期间发生了显著变化。益生菌引起的变化与怀孕期间的正常变化之间的相互作用还知之甚少。此外，有新的证据表明，母体肠道微生物群会影响后代的微生物群，这引发了关于母体益生菌如何影响新生儿健康的问题。支撑免疫系统的发育和平衡的是微生物群，尤其是肠道微生物群，这一点非常重要，而微生态失调是免疫失调和自身免疫的一个因素。然而，关于母体益生菌对自身免疫性疾病孕妇妊娠结局的影响的研究很少。患有自身免疫性疾病的母亲服用益生菌是有益还是有害，对她的孩子是保护还是致病？围绕着母体或婴儿期给予益生菌是否对过敏疾病有益存在争议，而它们在自身免疫中的应用则相对较少。本综述旨在讨论母体益生菌在健康和自身免疫性疾病中的应用，并研究它们的免疫调节特性。
