Department of Ship Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Ital J Pediatr. 2018 Dec 22;44(1):151. doi: 10.1186/s13052-018-0583-9.
Preterm birth can interrupt lung development in utero and is associated with early life factors, which adversely affects the developing respiratory system. Studies on preterm birth and asthma risk are comparatively sparse and the results are not consistent.
Multivariate analyses were performed on a cross-sectional data from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) collected in 2011 to 2012. The NSCH was a nationally representative telephone survey sponsored by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau and conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. A cross-sectional analysis using data from the US on 90,721 children was conducted to examine the relationship between preterm birth and asthma risk.
A total of 90,721 children under 17 years were included and 12% of the children were reported as preterm birth. The prevalence of diagnosed asthma was 15%, with a male to female ratio of 1.26:1. Children who were born preterm were 1.64 times (95% confidence interval: 1.45-1.84) more likely to develop asthma compared with those who were born term after controlling for confounders. Similarly, children who were low birth weight were 1.43 times (95% confidence interval: 1.25-1.63) more likely for asthma, and the odds ratio increased to 1.77 for those both preborn and low birth weight. Child's gender, race/ethnicity, age, family structure, family income levels, and household smoking were significantly associated with the odds of reported asthma.
Preterm birth was associated with increased risk of asthma among US children, supporting the notion that preterm birth may play a critical role in asthma development.
早产会中断胎儿在子宫内的肺部发育，并与生命早期的因素有关，这些因素会对发育中的呼吸系统造成不良影响。关于早产和哮喘风险的研究相对较少，结果也不一致。
对 2011 年至 2012 年进行的全国儿童健康调查（NSCH）的横断面数据进行了多变量分析。NSCH 是由母婴健康局赞助、国家卫生统计中心进行的全国代表性电话调查。使用来自美国的 90721 名儿童的数据进行了横断面分析，以研究早产与哮喘风险之间的关系。
共纳入 90721 名 17 岁以下儿童，其中 12%的儿童报告早产。确诊哮喘的患病率为 15%，男女比例为 1.26:1。与足月出生的儿童相比，早产出生的儿童发生哮喘的可能性高 1.64 倍（95%置信区间：1.45-1.84），在控制了混杂因素后。同样，出生体重低的儿童患哮喘的可能性高 1.43 倍（95%置信区间：1.25-1.63），而对于既早产又出生体重低的儿童，比值比增加到 1.77。儿童的性别、种族/族裔、年龄、家庭结构、家庭收入水平和家庭吸烟情况与报告哮喘的几率显著相关。
早产与美国儿童哮喘风险增加有关，这支持了早产可能在哮喘发展中起关键作用的观点。
