Brigo Laura, Schmidt Johanna Eva Maria, Gandin Alessandro, Michieli Niccolò, Colombo Paolo, Brusatin Giovanna
Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova Via Marzolo 9 35131 Padova Italy.
INSTM Padova RU Via Marzolo 9 35131 Padova Italy.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2018 Oct 23;5(12):1800937. doi: 10.1002/advs.201800937. eCollection 2018 Dec.
Shaping ceramic materials at the nanoscale in 3D is a phenomenal engineering challenge, that can offer new opportunities in a number of industrial applications, including metamaterials, nano-electromechanical systems, photonic crystals, and damage-tolerant lightweight materials. 3D fabrication of sub-micrometer ceramic structures can be performed by two-photon laser writing of a preceramic polymer. However, polymer conversion to a fully ceramic material has proven so far unfeasible, due to lack of suitable precursors, printing complexity, and high shrinkage during ceramic conversion. Here, it is shown that this goal can be achieved through an appropriate engineering of both the material and the printing process, enabling the fabrication of preceramic 3D shapes and their transformation into dense and crack-free SiOC ceramic components with highly complex, 3D sub-micrometer architectures. This method allows for the manufacturing of components with any 3D specific geometry with fine details down to 450 nm, rapidly printing structures up to 100 µm in height that can be converted into ceramic objects possessing sub-micrometer features, offering unprecedented opportunities in different application fields.
在纳米尺度上对陶瓷材料进行三维成型是一项巨大的工程挑战，但它能在包括超材料、纳米机电系统、光子晶体和耐损伤轻质材料在内的许多工业应用中带来新机遇。亚微米级陶瓷结构的三维制造可以通过对陶瓷前驱体聚合物进行双光子激光写入来实现。然而，由于缺乏合适的前驱体、打印复杂性以及陶瓷转化过程中的高收缩率，聚合物转化为完全陶瓷材料目前已被证明是不可行的。在此，研究表明，通过对材料和打印工艺进行适当的工程设计可以实现这一目标，从而能够制造出陶瓷前驱体三维形状，并将其转化为具有高度复杂的三维亚微米结构的致密且无裂纹的SiOC陶瓷部件。这种方法能够制造出具有任何三维特定几何形状的部件，其精细细节可达450纳米，能够快速打印出高达100微米的结构，这些结构可以转化为具有亚微米特征的陶瓷物体，为不同应用领域提供了前所未有的机遇。
