Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA.
Yale School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, New Haven, CT, USA.
Addict Behav. 2019 May;92:53-57. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.12.013. Epub 2018 Dec 17.
Electronic cigarettes (EC) may aid some smokers in reducing combustible tobacco use. Smokers with psychiatric co-morbidities tend to have higher nicotine dependence and worse outcomes, so may particularly benefit from alternative cessation aids. EC characteristics, like nicotine level and flavor, may influence EC's appeal to smokers. Nicotine level may impact EC's efficacy in reducing combustible cigarette use.
Non-treatment-seeking cigarette smokers with medical/psychiatric co-morbidities rated 'liking' of ECs varying in nicotine level (12 mg, 24 mg) and flavor (menthol, 'slim'-tobacco, 'burley'-tobacco), during an open-label Choice Procedure. Smokers (N = 43) chose ECs for a 4-week take-home-trial, and used EC and/or combustible cigarettes as they wished. Analyses examined ratings and choice by nicotine level and flavor, and the relationship between consistent take-home choice of 12 mg versus 24 mg baseline demographic/smoking characteristics, and outcomes (cigarettes/day, nicotine intake, motivation to quit smoking) during take-home-trial and one-month follow-up.
Smokers who chose menthol-flavor, tobacco-flavor and/or 24 mg nicotine e-liquids for the first take-home week rated these conditions as more 'liked' than alternative options, at baseline. Groups who chose 12 mg versus 24 mg throughout the take-home trial did not significantly differ on baseline characteristics, or smoking-related outcomes within the take-home trial, however, motivation to quit smoking increased more from baseline to one-month follow-up in choosers of higher nicotine (24 mg) ECs.
Associations between subjective ratings and subsequent choice support feasibility of open-label choice-procedures in EC trials. Access to 12 mg or 24 mg nicotine ECs was associated with reduced smoking, and 24 mg ECs with increased motivation to quit smoking in smokers with medical/psychiatric co-morbidities.
电子烟（EC）可能有助于一些吸烟者减少可燃烟草的使用。患有精神共病的吸烟者往往尼古丁依赖程度更高，结果更差，因此可能特别受益于替代戒烟辅助手段。EC 的特性，如尼古丁水平和口味，可能会影响吸烟者对 EC 的吸引力。尼古丁水平可能会影响 EC 减少可燃香烟使用的效果。
患有医疗/精神共病的非治疗寻求香烟吸烟者，根据尼古丁水平（12mg、24mg）和口味（薄荷味、“苗条”烟草味、“巴利”烟草味）对不同 EC 进行“喜欢”程度的评分，在开放标签选择程序中进行。吸烟者（N=43）选择 EC 进行为期 4 周的带回家试用，并根据需要使用 EC 和/或可燃香烟。分析检查了按尼古丁水平和口味的评分和选择，以及在家试用期间和一个月随访期间，12mg 与 24mg 基线人口统计学/吸烟特征一致的带回家选择与结果（每天吸烟量、尼古丁摄入量、戒烟动机）之间的关系。
在家试用的第一周选择薄荷味、烟草味和/或 24mg 尼古丁电子烟液的吸烟者，在基线时比其他选择更喜欢这些条件。在家试用期间一直选择 12mg 与 24mg 的组在基线特征或在家试用期间的吸烟相关结果上没有显著差异，但选择更高尼古丁（24mg）EC 的吸烟者，从基线到一个月随访期间戒烟动机增加更多。
主观评分与随后选择之间的关联支持 EC 试验中开放标签选择程序的可行性。获得 12mg 或 24mg 尼古丁 EC 与减少吸烟有关，24mg EC 与患有医疗/精神共病的吸烟者戒烟动机增加有关。
