Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, Department of Economics, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Northern Cyprus, TR-10 Mersin, Turkey.
Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, Department of Banking and Finance, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Northern Cyprus, TR-10 Mersin, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Feb;26(5):5210-5220. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3920-z. Epub 2019 Jan 3.
This study aims to investigate the long-run and causal effects of energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, and trade openness on CO emissions in Turkey using newly developed econometric techniques. To our best knowledge, there has been no study examining the relationship between CO emissions, energy consumption, trade openness, urbanization, and economic growth in Turkey. Therefore, this study proposes to fill this gap in the literature. In this study, we use time series data covering the years between 1960 and 2015. To capture long-run effects, we used ARDL, FMOLS, and DOLS estimators, while wavelet coherence technique is used to explore causal effects among the variables. Our results reveal that (i) there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between CO emissions and energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, and trade openness; (ii) in the long-run, CO emission in Turkey is significantly triggered by energy consumption, economic growth, and urbanization; and (iii) the results of the wavelet coherence-based causality test provide supportive evidence to the long-run estimations of this study.
本研究旨在利用新发展的计量经济学技术，考察土耳其能源消费、经济增长、城市化和贸易开放度对 CO 排放的长期和因果影响。据我们所知，目前还没有研究考察土耳其 CO 排放、能源消费、贸易开放、城市化和经济增长之间的关系。因此，本研究旨在填补这一文献空白。在本研究中，我们使用了涵盖 1960 年至 2015 年期间的数据。为了捕捉长期效应，我们使用了 ARDL、FMOLS 和 DOLS 估计器，同时使用小波相干技术来探索变量之间的因果关系。我们的结果表明：（i）CO 排放与能源消费、经济增长、城市化和贸易开放之间存在长期均衡关系；（ii）在长期内，土耳其的 CO 排放主要受到能源消费、经济增长和城市化的推动；（iii）基于小波相干的因果检验结果为该研究的长期估计提供了支持性证据。
