Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, Cyprus International University, TR-10, Mersin, Nicosia, Northern Cyprus, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jul;28(26):34714-34729. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-12495-8. Epub 2021 Mar 3.
In the empirical literature, there is no agreement on the linkage between environmental deterioration and economic growth. Thus, this paper aims to explore the long-run and causal effects of CO emissions, globalization energy usage, trade openness and urbanization on economic growth in Japan by employing new econometric techniques. The paper uses a dataset spanning from 1970 to 2015 and employs recent econometric techniques. To the best of the investigator's understanding, no prior studies have examined this linkage utilizing the wavelet coherence technique for Japan. The novelty of the wavelet is that it can capture the causality and long-run linkage between economic variables at different frequencies and periods. Thus, the study's aim is to address the following questions: (i) Is there a long-run and causal linkage between economic growth, energy usage, urbanization, CO emissions, trade openness and globalization? (ii) What is the interaction between economic growth and the regressors at various frequencies and periods? The paper utilizes the ARDL, DOLS and FMOLS to catch the long-run effects, whereas the wavelet coherence technique is employed to capture the causal effects among the indicators. The outcomes of the ARDL show that urbanization, CO emissions, globalization and energy usage trigger economic growth, while no significant linkage is found between trade openness and economic growth. The wavelet coherence approach reveals (i) positive co-movements between economic growth and the regressors and (ii) a one-way causality from CO emissions and energy usage to economic growth.
在实证文献中，环境恶化与经济增长之间的联系尚无定论。因此，本文旨在通过采用新的计量经济学技术，探讨日本 CO2 排放、全球化能源利用、贸易开放度和城市化对经济增长的长期因果关系。本文使用了 1970 年至 2015 年的数据，并运用了最新的计量经济学技术。据调查人员所知，此前尚无研究利用小波相干技术对日本进行过这种联系的检验。小波的新颖之处在于它可以捕捉不同频率和时期经济变量之间的因果关系和长期联系。因此，本研究旨在回答以下问题：（i）经济增长、能源利用、城市化、CO2 排放、贸易开放度和全球化之间是否存在长期因果关系？（ii）在不同频率和时期，经济增长与回归变量之间的相互作用是什么？本文利用 ARDL、DOLS 和 FMOLS 来捕捉长期效应，而小波相干技术则用于捕捉各指标之间的因果关系。ARDL 的结果表明，城市化、CO2 排放、全球化和能源利用推动了经济增长，而贸易开放度与经济增长之间没有显著联系。小波相干方法揭示了（i）经济增长与回归变量之间的正协同关系，以及（ii）CO2 排放和能源利用对经济增长的单向因果关系。
