Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, 676 N St Clair St, Suite 1600, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
Am J Clin Dermatol. 2019 Apr;20(2):237-250. doi: 10.1007/s40257-018-0409-y.
Topical minoxidil is a well-known and often-utilized drug in dermatological practice for the treatment of alopecia. It was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in 1988. Since its approval, minoxidil has been used off-label for the treatment of many other types of alopecia, with minimal formal evidence of efficacy. Conditions for which the use of topical minoxidil has been reported include telogen effluvium, alopecia areata (AA), scarring alopecia, eyebrow hypotrichosis, monilethrix, and chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA). The evidence for the use of minoxidil in each condition is derived from a variety of studies, including clinical trials, case series, and case reports. A comprehensive review of the literature indicates that while minoxidil is routinely used in the management of many alopecic conditions, there is mixed evidence for its efficacy. For certain conditions, including AA and most scarring alopecias, the evidence seems to be inconclusive. For others, such as eyebrow hypotrichosis, monilethrix, early traction alopecia, and CIA, there is more support for the efficacy of minoxidil. Although the favorable safety profile of minoxidil is established in adults, its use in the treatment of pediatric alopecia may require heightened monitoring and patient education.
米诺地尔是皮肤科治疗脱发的常用药物，于 1988 年获得美国食品药品监督管理局批准用于治疗雄激素性脱发。自批准以来，米诺地尔已被超适应证用于治疗许多其他类型的脱发，其疗效仅有少量正规证据。据报道，米诺地尔外用治疗的适应证包括休止期脱发、斑秃、瘢痕性脱发、眉毛稀疏、毳毛增多症和化疗所致脱发。在每种情况下使用米诺地尔的证据均来自各种研究，包括临床试验、病例系列和病例报告。对文献的全面回顾表明，米诺地尔通常用于多种脱发疾病的治疗，但疗效证据不一。对于某些疾病，包括斑秃和大多数瘢痕性脱发，证据似乎不确定。而对于其他疾病，如眉毛稀疏、毳毛增多症、早期牵引性脱发和化疗所致脱发，米诺地尔的疗效更有支持证据。虽然米诺地尔在成人中的良好安全性已得到确立，但在儿童脱发的治疗中使用米诺地尔可能需要加强监测和患者教育。
