Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, 13 Storch Street, Private Bag, Windhoek, 13388, Namibia.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Jan;103(2):589-602. doi: 10.1007/s00253-018-9520-5. Epub 2018 Nov 19.
Biosurfactants are surface-active molecules that are synthesised non-ribosomally by a wide range of microorganisms including bacteria, yeast and filamentous fungi. The bacterial genus Serratia is gaining international interest, as biosurfactants produced by this genus have emerged as a promising source of antimicrobial, antifouling and antitumour compounds that possess emulsification and surface activity. Various species of Serratia have been identified as biosurfactant producers, including Serratia marcescens, Serratia rubidaea and Serratia surfactantfaciens. Members of the Serratia genus have been reported to principally produce two classes of biosurfactants, namely lipopeptides and glycolipids. Lipopeptides produced by Serratia species include serrawettins and stephensiolides, while identified glycolipids include rubiwettins and rhamnolipids. This review will primarily focus on the classification of biosurfactants produced by Serratia species and the genes and mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis of these biosurfactant compounds. Thereafter, an indication of the primary growth conditions and nutrient composition required for the optimum production of biosurfactants by this genus will be outlined. An overview of the latest advances and potential applications of the biosurfactants produced by Serratia in the medical, pharmaceutical, agricultural and petroleum industries is also provided.
生物表面活性剂是由广泛的微生物（包括细菌、酵母和丝状真菌）非核糖体合成的表面活性分子。细菌属沙雷氏菌越来越受到国际关注，因为该属产生的生物表面活性剂已成为具有抗菌、防污和抗肿瘤特性的化合物的有前途的来源，这些化合物具有乳化和表面活性。已经确定了各种沙雷氏菌属物种是生物表面活性剂的生产者，包括粘质沙雷氏菌、红色沙雷氏菌和表面活性沙雷氏菌。据报道，沙雷氏菌属的成员主要产生两类生物表面活性剂，即脂肽和糖脂。沙雷氏菌属产生的脂肽包括蛇毒素和斯蒂芬氏菌素，而鉴定出的糖脂包括鲁比沃特林和鼠李糖脂。本综述将主要关注沙雷氏菌属产生的生物表面活性剂的分类以及参与这些生物表面活性剂化合物生物合成的基因和机制。然后，将概述该属生物表面活性剂最佳生产所需的主要生长条件和营养成分。还概述了沙雷氏菌产生的生物表面活性剂在医学、制药、农业和石油工业中的最新进展和潜在应用。
