Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 5th floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7, Canada.
School of Medicine, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya.
Bull World Health Organ. 2019 Jan 1;97(1):33-41. doi: 10.2471/BLT.18.210211. Epub 2018 Nov 6.
To obtain an estimate of the size of, and human immunodeficiency (HIV) prevalence among, young people and children living on the streets of Eldoret, Kenya.
We counted young people and children using a point-in-time approach, ensuring we reached our target population by engaging relevant community leaders during the planning of the study. We acquired point-in-time count data over a period of 1 week between the hours of 08:00 and 23:00, from both a stationary site and by mobile teams. Participants provided demographic data and a fingerprint (to avoid double-counting) and were encouraged to speak with an HIV counsellor and undergo HIV testing. We used a logistic regression model to test for an association between age or sex and uptake of HIV testing and seropositivity.
Of the 1419 eligible participants counted, 1049 (73.9%) were male with a median age of 18 years. Of the 1029 who spoke with a counsellor, 1004 individuals accepted HIV counselling and 947 agreed to undergo an HIV test. Combining those who were already aware of their HIV-positive status with those who were tested during our study resulted in an overall HIV seroprevalence of 4.1%. The seroprevalence was 2.7% (19/698) for males and 8.9% (23/259) for females. We observed an increase in seroprevalence with increasing age for both sexes, but of much greater magnitude for females.
By counting young people and children living on the streets and offering them HIV counselling and testing, we could obtain population-based estimates of HIV prevalence.
估计肯尼亚埃尔多雷特街头流浪的青少年和儿童的人数和艾滋病毒（HIV）流行率。
我们采用即时点计数法对青少年和儿童进行计数，在研究规划期间，通过与相关社区领导人接触，确保接触到目标人群。我们在一周内的 08:00 至 23:00 之间，通过固定地点和流动小组获取即时点计数数据。参与者提供人口统计数据和指纹（以避免重复计数），并被鼓励与 HIV 顾问交谈并接受 HIV 检测。我们使用逻辑回归模型检验年龄或性别与接受 HIV 检测和血清阳性率之间的关联。
在 1419 名符合条件的被计数者中，有 1049 名（73.9%）为男性，中位数年龄为 18 岁。在与顾问交谈的 1029 人中，有 1004 人接受了 HIV 咨询，947 人同意接受 HIV 检测。将那些已经知道自己 HIV 阳性的人与我们研究期间接受检测的人结合起来，结果发现总体 HIV 血清阳性率为 4.1%。男性的血清阳性率为 2.7%（19/698），女性为 8.9%（23/259）。我们观察到，男女两性的血清阳性率都随年龄的增长而增加，但女性的增幅要大得多。
通过对街头流浪的青少年和儿童进行计数，并为他们提供 HIV 咨询和检测，我们可以获得基于人群的 HIV 流行率估计。
