Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019 Mar;15(3):172-188. doi: 10.1038/s41574-018-0137-7.
Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is a life-saving procedure and an established treatment for patients with end-stage organ failure. However, transplantation is also accompanied by associated cardiovascular risk factors, of which post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is one of the most important. PTDM develops in 10-20% of patients with kidney transplants and in 20-40% of patients who have undergone other SOT. PTDM increases mortality, which is best documented in patients who have received kidney and heart transplants. PTDM results from predisposing factors (similar to type 2 diabetes mellitus) but also as a result of specific post-transplant risk factors. Although PTDM has many characteristics in common with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the prevention and treatment of the two disorders are often different. Over the past 20 years, the lifespan of patients who have undergone SOT has increased, and PTDM becomes more common over the lifespan of these patients. Accordingly, PTDM becomes an important condition not only to be aware of but also to treat. This Review presents the current knowledge on PTDM in patients receiving kidney, heart, liver and lung transplants. This information is not only for transplant health providers but also for endocrinologists and others who will meet these patients in their clinics.
实体器官移植（SOT）是一种挽救生命的程序，也是治疗终末期器官衰竭患者的既定方法。然而，移植也伴随着相关的心血管危险因素，其中移植后糖尿病（PTDM）是最重要的因素之一。在接受肾移植的患者中，10-20%会发生 PTDM，而在接受其他 SOT 的患者中，20-40%会发生 PTDM。PTDM 会增加死亡率，这在接受肾和心脏移植的患者中得到了最好的证明。PTDM 是由易患因素（类似于 2 型糖尿病）引起的，但也与特定的移植后危险因素有关。尽管 PTDM 与 2 型糖尿病有许多共同特征，但这两种疾病的预防和治疗往往不同。在过去的 20 年中，接受 SOT 的患者的寿命延长了，而 PTDM 在这些患者的一生中变得更加常见。因此，PTDM 不仅是需要认识到的重要病症，也是需要治疗的病症。这篇综述介绍了目前关于接受肾、心、肝和肺移植的患者的 PTDM 的知识。这些信息不仅适用于移植医疗服务提供者，也适用于内分泌学家和其他在诊所中遇到这些患者的人。
