Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain,Brussels,Belgium.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2019 Aug;78(3):319-328. doi: 10.1017/S0029665118002756. Epub 2019 Jan 10.
This review presents mechanistic studies performed in vitro and in animal models, as well as data obtained in patients that contribute to a better understanding of the impact of nutrients interacting with the gut microbiota on metabolic and behavioural alterations linked to obesity. The gut microbiota composition and function are altered in several pathological conditions including obesity and related diseases i.e. non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). The gut-liver axis is clearly influenced by alterations of the gut barrier that drives inflammation. In addition, recent papers propose that specific metabolites issued from the metabolic cooperation between the gut microbes and host enzymes, modulate inflammation and gene expression in the liver. This review illustrates how dietary intervention with prebiotics or probiotics influences host energy metabolism and inflammation. Indeed, intervention studies are currently underway in obese and NAFLD patients to unravel the relevance of the changes in gut microbiota composition in the management of metabolic and behavioural disorders by nutrients interacting with the gut microbiota. In conclusion, diet is among the main triggers of NAFLD and the gut microbiota is modified accordingly, underlining the importance of the concomitant study of the nutrients and microbial impact on liver health and metabolism, in order to propose innovative, clinically relevant, therapeutic approaches.
这篇综述介绍了在体外和动物模型中进行的机制研究，以及在患者中获得的数据，这些研究有助于更好地理解营养物质与肠道微生物群相互作用对与肥胖相关的代谢和行为改变的影响。肠道微生物群的组成和功能在几种病理状况下发生改变，包括肥胖和相关疾病，如非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）。肠道-肝脏轴显然受到肠道屏障改变的影响，这种改变会引发炎症。此外，最近的研究表明，肠道微生物和宿主酶之间代谢合作产生的特定代谢物，可调节肝脏的炎症和基因表达。这篇综述说明了饮食干预如何通过与肠道微生物相互作用的营养物质来影响宿主的能量代谢和炎症。事实上，目前正在对肥胖和非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者进行干预研究，以揭示营养物质与肠道微生物群相互作用引起的肠道微生物群组成变化在代谢和行为障碍管理中的相关性。总之，饮食是导致非酒精性脂肪性肝病的主要因素之一，肠道微生物群也随之发生改变，这强调了同时研究营养物质和微生物对肝脏健康和代谢的影响的重要性，以便提出创新的、具有临床相关性的治疗方法。
