a Sport Science Faculty , University of Extremadura , Cáceres , Spain.
b Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Sport Science Faculty , Catholic University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2019 Aug;19(7):941-951. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1564796. Epub 2019 Jan 13.
Hypoxic training methods are increasingly being used by researchers in an attempt to improve performance in normoxic ambients. Moreover, previous research suggests that resistance training in hypoxia can cause physiological and muscle adaptations. The primary aim of this study was to compare the effects of 8 weeks of high-intensity resistance circuit-based (HRC) training in hypoxia on body composition and strength performance. The secondary aim was to examine the effects of HRC on metabolic parameters. Twenty-eight male participants were randomly assigned to either hypoxia (Fraction of inspired oxygen [FO] = 15%; HRC: = 15; age: 24.6 ± 6.8 years; height: 177.4 ± 5.9 cm; weight: 74.9 ± 11.5 kg) or normoxia [FO] = 20.9%; HRC: = 13; age: 23.2 ± 5.2 years; height: 173.4 ± 6.2 cm; weight: 69.4 ± 7.4 kg) groups. Training sessions consisted of two blocks of three exercises (Block 1: bench press, leg extension and front pull down; Block 2: deadlift, elbow flexion and ankle extension). Each exercise was performed at six repetition maximum. Rest periods lasted for 35-s between exercises, 3-min between sets and 5-min between blocks. Participants exercised twice weekly for 8 weeks, and body composition, strength and blood tests were performed before and after the training program. Lean body mass and bone mineral density significantly increased over time in the HRC ( < .005; ES = 0.14 and < .014; ES = 0.19, respectively) but not in the HRC after training. Both groups improved their strength performance over time ( < .001), but without group effect differences. These results indicate that simulated hypoxia during HRC exercise produced trivial effects on lean body mass and bone mineral density compared to normoxia.
低氧训练方法正越来越多地被研究人员用于尝试改善常氧环境下的表现。此外，先前的研究表明，低氧环境下的抗阻训练可以引起生理和肌肉适应性变化。本研究的主要目的是比较 8 周高强度基于循环的抗阻训练（HRC）在低氧和常氧环境下对身体成分和力量表现的影响。次要目的是研究 HRC 对代谢参数的影响。28 名男性参与者被随机分配到低氧组（吸入氧分数[FO] = 15%；HRC：= 15；年龄：24.6 ± 6.8 岁；身高：177.4 ± 5.9 cm；体重：74.9 ± 11.5 kg）或常氧组（FO = 20.9%；HRC：= 13；年龄：23.2 ± 5.2 岁；身高：173.4 ± 6.2 cm；体重：69.4 ± 7.4 kg）。训练课程由两组三个练习组成（第 1 组：卧推、腿伸展和前下拉；第 2 组：硬拉、肘屈伸和踝屈伸）。每个练习进行 6 次最大重复次数。每组之间休息 35 秒，组间休息 3 分钟，两组之间休息 5 分钟。参与者每周锻炼两次，共 8 周，在训练前后进行身体成分、力量和血液测试。在 HRC 中，瘦体重和骨密度随着时间的推移显著增加（< 0.005；ES = 0.14 和 < 0.014；ES = 0.19，分别），但在 HRC 训练后则没有增加。两组的力量表现都随着时间的推移而提高（< 0.001），但没有组间差异。这些结果表明，与常氧相比，HRC 运动中的模拟低氧对瘦体重和骨密度的影响微不足道。
