Jung Won-Sang, Kim Sung-Woo, Kim Jeong-Weon, Park Hun-Young
Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
Major in Exercise Therapy, Graduate School of Professional Therapy, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
Life (Basel). 2021 Jan 30;11(2):106. doi: 10.3390/life11020106.
Hypoxic training is believed to be generally useful for improving exercise performance in various athletes. Nowadays, exercise intervention in hypoxia is recognized as a new therapeutic modality for health promotion and disease prevention or treatment based on the lower mortality and prevalence of people living in high-altitude environments than those living in low-altitude environments. Recently, resistance training in hypoxia (RTH), a new therapeutic modality combining hypoxia and resistance exercise, has been attempted to improve muscle hypertrophy and muscle function. RTH is known to induce greater muscle size, lean mass, increased muscle strength and endurance, bodily function, and angiogenesis of skeletal muscles than traditional resistance exercise. Therefore, we examined previous studies to understand the clinical and physiological aspects of sarcopenia and RTH for muscular function and hypertrophy. However, few investigations have examined the combined effects of hypoxic stress and resistance exercise, and as such, it is difficult to make recommendations for implementing universal RTH programs for sarcopenia based on current understanding. It should also be acknowledged that a number of mechanisms proposed to facilitate the augmented response to RTH remain poorly understood, particularly the role of metabolic, hormonal, and intracellular signaling pathways. Further RTH intervention studies considering various exercise parameters (e.g., load, recovery time between sets, hypoxic dose, and intervention period) are strongly recommended to reinforce knowledge about the adaptational processes and the effects of this type of resistance training for sarcopenia in older people.
低氧训练被认为通常有助于提高各类运动员的运动表现。如今，基于生活在高海拔环境中的人群比生活在低海拔环境中的人群死亡率和患病率更低这一事实，低氧环境下的运动干预被视为一种促进健康、预防或治疗疾病的新治疗方式。最近，低氧环境下的抗阻训练（RTH），一种将低氧和抗阻运动相结合的新治疗方式，已被尝试用于改善肌肉肥大和肌肉功能。与传统抗阻运动相比，RTH已知能诱导更大的肌肉尺寸、瘦体重、增加肌肉力量和耐力、身体功能以及骨骼肌的血管生成。因此，我们查阅了以往的研究，以了解肌肉减少症和RTH在肌肉功能和肥大方面的临床和生理情况。然而，很少有研究考察低氧应激和抗阻运动的联合作用，因此，基于目前的认识，很难为实施针对肌肉减少症的通用RTH方案提出建议。还应认识到，许多被认为有助于增强对RTH反应的机制仍知之甚少，尤其是代谢、激素和细胞内信号通路的作用。强烈建议开展更多考虑各种运动参数（如负荷、组间恢复时间、低氧剂量和干预期）的RTH干预研究，以加强对这种针对老年人肌肉减少症的抗阻训练适应过程及其效果的认识。
