教育程度与酗酒：洛杉矶西班牙裔的收益递减
Education Attainment and Alcohol Binge Drinking: Diminished Returns of Hispanics in Los Angeles.
作者信息
Assari Shervin, Farokhnia Mehdi, Mistry Ritesh
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
BRITE Center for Science, Research and Policy, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
出版信息
Behav Sci (Basel). 2019 Jan 14;9(1):9. doi: 10.3390/bs9010009.
According to the minorities' diminished returns (MDR) theory, socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as education attainment have smaller protective effects on health risk behaviors for racial and ethnic minority groups in comparison to the 'dominant' social group. However, most studies of MDR theory have been on comparison of Blacks versus Whites. Much less is known about diminished returns of SES in ethnic subpopulations (i.e., Hispanics versus non-Hispanic Whites). To test whether MDR also holds for the social patterning of problematic alcohol use among Hispanic and non-Hispanic Whites, this study investigated ethnic variations in the association between education attainment and alcohol binge drinking frequency in a population-based sample of adults. Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey, 2001, included 907 non-Hispanic White and 2117 Hispanic White adults (≥18 years old). Hispanic ethnicity (moderator), education attainment (independent variable), alcohol binge drinking frequency (dependent variable), and gender, age, immigration status, employment status, self-rated health, and history of depression (confounders) were included in four linear regressions. In the overall sample that included both non-Hispanic and Hispanic Whites, higher education attainment was correlated with lower alcohol binge drinking frequency (b = -0.05, 95% CI = -0.09 - -0.02), net of covariates. A significant interaction was found between ethnicity and education attainment (b = 0.09; 95% CI = 0.00⁻0.17), indicating a stronger protective effect of high education attainment against alcohol binge drinking frequency for non-Hispanic than Hispanic Whites. In ethnic-stratified models, higher level of education attainment was associated with lower binge drinking frequency among non-Hispanic Whites (b = -0.11, 95% CI = -0.19 - -0.03), but not among Hispanic Whites (b = -0.01, 95% CI = -0.04 - 0.03). While, overall, higher education attainment is associated with lower frequency of alcohol binge drinking, this protective effect of education attainment seems to be weaker among Hispanic Whites compared to non-Hispanic Whites, a phenomenon consistent with the MDR theory.
根据少数群体收益递减（MDR）理论，与“主导”社会群体相比，诸如教育程度等社会经济地位（SES）指标对种族和少数民族群体健康风险行为的保护作用较小。然而，大多数关于MDR理论的研究都是比较黑人与白人。对于亚族裔群体（即西班牙裔与非西班牙裔白人）中SES的收益递减情况了解得更少。为了检验MDR是否也适用于西班牙裔和非西班牙裔白人中有问题饮酒的社会模式，本研究在一个基于人群的成年人样本中调查了教育程度与酗酒频率之间关联的种族差异。2001年的洛杉矶家庭与邻里调查包括907名非西班牙裔白人成年人和2117名西班牙裔白人成年人（≥18岁）。在四个线性回归中纳入了西班牙裔种族（调节变量）、教育程度（自变量）、酗酒频率（因变量）以及性别、年龄、移民身份、就业状况、自评健康和抑郁病史（混杂因素）。在包括非西班牙裔和西班牙裔白人的总体样本中，扣除协变量后，较高的教育程度与较低的酗酒频率相关（b = -0.05，95%CI = -0.09 - -0.02）。发现种族与教育程度之间存在显著交互作用（b = 0.09；95%CI = 0.00⁻0.17），表明高教育程度对非西班牙裔白人酗酒频率的保护作用比对西班牙裔白人更强。在按种族分层的模型中，较高的教育程度与非西班牙裔白人中较低的酗酒频率相关（b = -0.11，95%CI = -0.19 - -0.03），但与西班牙裔白人无关（b = -0.01，95%CI = -0.04 - 0.03）。总体而言，较高的教育程度与较低的酗酒频率相关，但与非西班牙裔白人相比，教育程度的这种保护作用在西班牙裔白人中似乎较弱，这一现象与MDR理论一致。
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