与西班牙裔美国人相比，教育程度对非西班牙裔美国人残疾情况的改善作用更大。
Educational Attainment Better Reduces Disability for Non-Hispanic than Hispanic Americans.
作者信息
Assari Shervin, Bazargan Mohsen
机构信息
Department of Family Medicine, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA.
Department of Family Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
出版信息
Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. 2020 Mar;10(1):10-17. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe10010002. Epub 2019 Jul 17.
OBJECTIVES
Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) refers to the weaker protective health effects of socioeconomic status (SES) for minorities, particularly educational attainment for racial and ethnic minorities, compared to the general population. This pattern has been documented among African-Americans compared to Whites, however, we know very little about MDRs for educational attainment on disability among Hispanics compared to Non-Hispanic Whites.
AIMS
This cross-sectional study explored ethnic variation in the effects of educational attainment on severity of disability in the United States of America (USA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) was a national survey of the general population in the USA. The total sample was 1021 American adults that reported some disability. Of the 1,021 participants, 855 identified as Non-Hispanic and 165 identified as Hispanic. The independent variable was educational attainment. The main outcome was severity of disability measured using self-reported data. Age, gender, and race were covariates. Ethnicity was the effect modifier.
RESULTS
Among individuals with a disability, higher levels of educational attainment were associated with fewer disabilities, independent of all confounders. When ethnicity and educational attainment were interacted on severity of disability, the results indicated a smaller protective effect for Hispanics than for Non-Hispanics with a disability. Ethnicity-stratified models showed an effect for Non-Hispanics but not for Hispanics.
CONCLUSIONS
The protective effects of educational attainment against severity of disability are smaller for Hispanics than for Non-Hispanics. To prevent health disparities, there is a need to minimize MDRs of SES for ethnic minorities. To do so, there is a need for innovative economic, public, and social policies that are not limited to equalizing educational attainment but that also help minorities leverage their resources and gain tangible outcomes.
目标
少数群体收益递减（MDRs）指的是社会经济地位（SES）对少数群体的健康保护作用较弱，尤其是与普通人群相比，种族和族裔少数群体的教育程度方面。与白人相比，非裔美国人中已记录到这种模式，然而，与非西班牙裔白人相比，我们对西班牙裔中教育程度对残疾影响方面的少数群体收益递减情况知之甚少。
目的
这项横断面研究探讨了在美国教育程度对残疾严重程度影响方面的种族差异。
材料与方法
2015年美国国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）是对美国普通人群的一项全国性调查。总样本为1021名报告有某种残疾的美国成年人。在这1021名参与者中，855人被认定为非西班牙裔，165人被认定为西班牙裔。自变量是教育程度。主要结果是使用自我报告数据衡量的残疾严重程度。年龄、性别和种族为协变量。种族是效应修饰因素。
结果
在残疾个体中，较高的教育程度与较少的残疾相关，与所有混杂因素无关。当种族和教育程度与残疾严重程度相互作用时，结果表明与有残疾的非西班牙裔相比，西班牙裔的保护作用较小。按种族分层的模型显示对非西班牙裔有影响，但对西班牙裔没有影响。
结论
与非西班牙裔相比，教育程度对西班牙裔残疾严重程度的保护作用较小。为预防健康差距，有必要尽量减少少数群体社会经济地位的收益递减情况。要做到这一点，需要有创新的经济、公共和社会政策，这些政策不仅限于使教育程度平等，还应帮助少数群体利用其资源并取得切实成果。
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