Grupe Gisela, Marx Michael, Schellerer Pia-Maria, Bemmann Jan, Brosseder Ursula, Yeruul-Erdene C, Gantulga J-O
Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Brühler Str. 7, 53119 Bonn, Germany.
Anthropol Anz. 2019 Sep 1;76(3):233-243. doi: 10.1127/anthranz/2019/0879.
This paper gives a state of the art report of an ongoing interdisciplinary project on bioarchaeological research on cemeteries in the Upper Orkhon valley, Central Mongolia, in particular at the Maikhan Tolgoi site. The archaeological focus is on the investigation of the development, use and transformation of a ritual landscape in the course of the Bronze and Iron Age. The contribution of physical anthropology is an osteological and archaeometric analysis of the human inhumations with regard to life-style and subsistence economy. A specific topic relates to the emergence of the first mounted nomads in the region. Macro- and microscopical inspection of the skeletons excavated to date reveal that males, females and children had been buried at this exceptional cemetery, and that many of the adults died at a conspicuously advanced age. Palaeodiet was reconstructed by stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in bone collagen, followed by an isotopic sourcing. We show that freshwater fish was consumed on a regular basis, and that the demands of protein and carbohydrate were largely covered by secondary animal products. First analysis of stable strontium and oxygen isotopes in bone apatite suggests a considerable catchment area of the burial site.
本文给出了一个正在进行的跨学科项目的最新报告，该项目是关于蒙古中部鄂尔浑河上游流域墓地的生物考古研究，特别是在迈 Khan Tolgoi 遗址。考古学的重点是调查青铜时代和铁器时代仪式景观的发展、使用和转变。体质人类学的贡献是对人类墓葬进行骨骼学和考古测量分析，以了解生活方式和生存经济。一个特定的主题涉及该地区第一批骑马游牧民族的出现。对迄今发掘的骨骼进行的宏观和微观检查表明，男性、女性和儿童都被埋葬在这个特殊的墓地，而且许多成年人死于明显较高的年龄。通过骨胶原中的稳定碳和氮同位素重建古饮食，随后进行同位素溯源。我们表明，淡水鱼被定期食用，蛋白质和碳水化合物的需求在很大程度上由次级动物产品满足。对骨磷灰石中稳定锶和氧同位素的初步分析表明，该墓地有相当大的集水区。
