Laboratory of Human Performance, Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sport, Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos (University of Los Lagos), Osorno, Chile.
Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera (University of La Frontera), Temuco, Chile.
J Strength Cond Res. 2020 Sep;34(9):2644-2653. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002929.
Ramirez-Campillo, R, Álvarez, C, García-Pinillos, F, García-Ramos, A, Loturco, I, Chaabene, H, and Granacher, U. Effects of combined surfaces vs. single-surface plyometric training on soccer players' physical fitness. J Strength Cond Res 34(9): 2644-2653, 2020-The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a 8-week plyometric jump training (PJT) performed on different surfaces (grass, land-dirt, sand, wood, gym mat, and tartan-track) vs. a single-surface PJT (grass) on components of physical fitness (muscle power, speed, and change-of-direction speed [CODS] tasks) and sport-specific performance (i.e., maximal kicking velocity [MKV]) in male soccer players aged 11-14 years. Athletes were randomly assigned to a combined surfaces PJT (PJTc, n = 8), a single-surface PJT (PJTs, n = 8), or an active control (CON, n = 7). Although the PJT group trained on grass, the PJTc trained on 6 different surfaces and equally distributed the total jump volume according to the surface. Pre-post tests were conducted on grass. Significant main effects of time were observed for the countermovement jump, the standing-long-jump, the 20-cm drop jump, 30-m sprint time, CODS, and MKV (all p < 0.001; d = 0.53-0.87). Group × time interactions were identified for all jump tests, MKV, 30-m sprint time, and CODS (all p < 0.001; d = 0.58-0.71) in favor of PJTc. No significant pre-post changes were observed in the CON (all p > 0.05; d = 0.07-0.1). In conclusion, PJT is effective in improving physical fitness in young soccer players when conducted in combination with regular soccer training. Although general fitness testing and PJTs were performed on grass, larger physical fitness improvements were found after PJTc. Thus, PJTc is recommended, as it provides a better overload stimulus compared with more conventional training overload (e.g., increase in training volume or intensity). Future studies still have to address the underlying physiological adaptations after PJTc.
拉米雷斯-坎皮洛、Álvarez、加西亚-皮尼洛斯、加西亚-拉莫斯、洛图尔科、沙班内和格拉纳彻，不同表面与单一表面增强式训练对足球运动员身体素质的影响。《力量与调节研究杂志》34（9）：2644-2653，2020 年-本研究旨在比较 8 周增强式跳跃训练（PJT）在不同表面（草地、泥土地、沙地、木材、体操垫和塔坦赛道）与单一表面（草地）上对 11-14 岁男性足球运动员身体素质（肌肉力量、速度和变向速度[CODS]任务）和专项运动表现（即最大踢球速度[MKV]）的影响。运动员被随机分配到组合表面 PJT（PJTc，n=8）、单一表面 PJT（PJTs，n=8）或主动对照组（CON，n=7）。尽管 PJT 组在草地上训练，但 PJTc 在 6 种不同的表面上训练，并根据表面均匀分配总跳跃量。在草地上进行了前后测试。在反跳、站立跳远、20 厘米跳深、30 米冲刺时间、CODS 和 MkV 方面，均观察到时间的主要效应显著（均 p<0.001；d=0.53-0.87）。在所有跳跃测试、MKV、30 米冲刺时间和 CODS 方面，均发现了组间时间的交互作用（均 p<0.001；d=0.58-0.71），有利于 PJTc。在 CON 中未观察到显著的前后变化（均 p>0.05；d=0.07-0.1）。总之，当与常规足球训练结合进行时，PJT 对提高年轻足球运动员的身体素质是有效的。尽管一般体能测试和 PJT 是在草地上进行的，但在 PJTc 后发现了更大的身体素质提高。因此，建议使用 PJTc，因为与更传统的训练负荷（例如增加训练量或强度）相比，它提供了更好的超负荷刺激。未来的研究仍需探讨 PJTc 后的潜在生理适应。
