University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
BMJ Open. 2019 Jan 21;9(1):e021742. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021742.
It is widely recognised that significant others (SOs), such as a partner, family member or friend, can influence health outcomes of individuals with a chronic disease. However, not much is known about which specific cognitions (ie, illness perceptions and expectation of work ability) and behaviours (eg, emotional and practical support) of SOs influence work participation. Therefore, we aimed to identify cognitions and behaviours of SOs that are related to work participation of individuals with a chronic disease.
A systematic review and thematic synthesis.
PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, SocINDEX and Web of Science were searched until 28 March 2017.
We included studies reporting on cognitions and behaviours of SOs related to work participation in populations with various chronic diseases.
Two independent reviewers extracted the data and performed a quality assessment using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies from the Effective Public Health Practice Project 2007 and a checklist for assessment of qualitative studies derived from the Cochrane Supplemental Handbook Guidance. Evidence was thematically synthesised.
Out of 5168 articles, 18 were included (15 qualitative and 3 quantitative) of moderate to high quality. Studies were on cancer, chronic pain, brain injuries and mental health disorders. After thematic synthesis 27 factors could be distinguished. Consistent evidence was found that SOs' positive and encouraging attitudes regarding work participation, encouragement and motivating behaviour and open communication with patients are facilitators for work participation. Consistently reported barriers were SOs' positive attitudes towards sickness absence and advise, encouragement or pressure to refrain from work.
Our findings show that several cognitions and behaviours of SOs can facilitate or hinder work participation of individuals with a chronic disease. Intervening on these factors by involving SOs in disability prevention and return to work intervention strategies may be beneficial. More prognostic studies are needed, as the current evidence is mostly based on qualitative studies.
众所周知，配偶、家庭成员或朋友等重要他人会影响慢性病患者的健康结果。然而，人们对重要他人的哪些特定认知（即疾病感知和工作能力预期）和行为（如情感和实际支持）会影响工作参与情况知之甚少。因此，我们旨在确定重要他人的认知和行为与慢性病患者工作参与情况的相关性。
系统综述和主题综合。
截至 2017 年 3 月 28 日，我们检索了 PubMed、Embase、PsycINFO、SocINDEX 和 Web of Science 数据库。
我们纳入了报告与各种慢性病患者工作参与情况相关的重要他人认知和行为的研究。
两位独立的综述作者提取数据，并使用 2007 年有效公共卫生实践项目的定量研究质量评估工具和源自 Cochrane 补充手册指南的定性研究评估检查表进行质量评估。证据进行了主题综合。
在 5168 篇文章中，有 18 篇（15 篇定性研究和 3 篇定量研究）质量为中等到高度。这些研究涉及癌症、慢性疼痛、脑损伤和精神健康障碍。经过主题综合，共区分出 27 个因素。有一致的证据表明，重要他人对工作参与的积极和鼓励态度、鼓励和激励行为以及与患者的开放沟通是促进工作参与的因素。一致报告的障碍是重要他人对病假的积极态度以及建议、鼓励或劝阻工作的行为。
我们的研究结果表明，重要他人的几种认知和行为可以促进或阻碍慢性病患者的工作参与。通过让重要他人参与残疾预防和重返工作干预策略，干预这些因素可能会带来益处。由于目前的证据主要基于定性研究，因此需要更多的预后研究。
