Kujala U M, Heinonen O J, Lehto M, Järvinen M, Bergfeld J A
Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports Medical Research Unit, Turku, Finland.
Sports Med. 1988 Oct;6(4):197-209. doi: 10.2165/00007256-198806040-00002.
Physicians nowadays commonly attend sports competitions or journeys with a sports team. In some competitions the rules ensure the attendance of a physician. The team physician has to take care of all kinds of medical problems within the team, while the competition physician basically takes care of acute complaints. The competition physician must organise the medical coverage of both athletes and spectators, also taking into account medical emergencies. In addition he should inform the teams and spectators about the medical coverage. The team physician must also perform a precompetition health screening of individual team members, and take care of infection prophylaxis before and during journeys. Usually the physician carries drugs for respiratory infections, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, gastrointestinal medications, antihistamines, eyedrops, local anaesthetics and dermatological medications. The physician's bag should not include banned substances, other than specially labelled emergency medications. The inclusion of other medications and equipment and the need for other medical resources is highly dependent on the length of the journey, the destination, the type of sports, and the number of participants and spectators. Each sport has its characteristic injury profile and there are also sport-specific regulations which the physician must be aware of. Acute injuries are more common in contact sports, and overuse injuries in non-contact sports. In addition to musculoskeletal injuries, other conditions such as heat exhaustion and dehydration may be encountered, while cold can also cause special problems.
如今，医生经常随运动队参加体育比赛或出行。在一些比赛中，规则确保有医生在场。队医必须处理团队内的各种医疗问题，而比赛医生主要处理急性病症。比赛医生必须组织对运动员和观众的医疗保障工作，同时还要考虑到医疗紧急情况。此外，他应该向团队和观众通报医疗保障情况。队医还必须对单个队员进行赛前健康检查，并在出行前和出行期间做好感染预防工作。通常，医生会携带治疗呼吸道感染的药物、抗生素、抗炎药、胃肠道药物、抗组胺药、眼药水、局部麻醉药和皮肤科用药。医生的药箱不应包含违禁物质，但有特殊标签的急救药物除外。是否携带其他药物和设备以及是否需要其他医疗资源高度取决于行程长度、目的地、运动类型、参与者和观众数量。每项运动都有其特有的损伤类型，而且医生必须了解一些特定运动的规则。急性损伤在接触性运动中更为常见，而过度使用损伤在非接触性运动中更为常见。除了肌肉骨骼损伤外，还可能遇到其他情况，如中暑和脱水，寒冷也可能引发特殊问题。
