Professorship of Sports Psychology, Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Thüringer Weg 11, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany.
Psychology & Methods, Focus Area Diversity, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
Neural Plast. 2018 Dec 23;2018:4756785. doi: 10.1155/2018/4756785. eCollection 2018.
Acute bouts of exercise have been shown to improve fine motor control performance and to facilitate motor memory consolidation processes in young adults. Exercise effects might be reflected in EEG task-related power (TRPow) decreases in the beta band (13-30 Hz) as an indicator of active motor processing. This study aimed to investigate those effects in healthy older adults. Thirty-eight participants (65-74 years of age) were assigned to an experimental (EG, acute exercise) or a control group (CG, rest). Fine motor control was assessed using a precision grip force modulation (FM) task. FM performance and EEG were measured at (1) baseline (immediately before acute exercise/rest), (2) during practice sessions immediately after, (3) 30 minutes, and (4) 24 hours (FM only) after exercise/rest. A marginal significant effect indicated that EG revealed more improvement in fine motor performance immediately after exercise than CG after resting. EG showed enhanced consolidation of short-term and long-term motor memory, whereas CG revealed only a tendency for short-term motor memory consolidation. Stronger TRPow decreases were revealed immediately after exercise in the contralateral frontal brain area as compared to the control condition. This finding indicates that acute exercise might enhance cortical activation and thus, improves fine motor control by enabling healthy older adults to better utilize existing frontal brain capacities during fine motor control tasks after exercise. Furthermore, acute exercise can act as a possible intervention to enhance motor memory consolidation in older adults.
急性运动已被证明可以改善年轻人的精细运动控制表现，并促进运动记忆巩固过程。运动的影响可能反映在脑电图任务相关功率（TRPow）在β波段（13-30 Hz）的下降，作为主动运动处理的指标。本研究旨在调查健康老年人的这些影响。38 名参与者（65-74 岁）被分配到实验组（EG，急性运动）或对照组（CG，休息）。使用精密握力调制（FM）任务评估精细运动控制。FM 性能和 EEG 在（1）基线（急性运动/休息前立即）、（2）立即进行练习后、（3）30 分钟和（4）24 小时（仅 FM）后进行测量。结果显示，EG 在运动后立即比 CG 在休息后表现出更好的精细运动表现改善，这表明存在边缘显著效应。EG 显示出短期和长期运动记忆的巩固增强，而 CG 仅显示出短期运动记忆巩固的趋势。与对照条件相比，在对侧额区运动后立即显示出更强的 TRPow 下降。这一发现表明，急性运动可以通过使健康的老年人在运动后执行精细运动控制任务时更好地利用现有的额叶脑容量，从而增强大脑皮层的激活，从而改善精细运动控制。此外，急性运动可以作为一种可能的干预措施，增强老年人的运动记忆巩固。
