Dutkiewicz J, Jabłoński L, Olenchock S A
Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505.
Am J Ind Med. 1988;14(5):605-23. doi: 10.1002/ajim.4700140511.
There are at least 193 important biological agents that show infectious, allergenic, toxic, or carcinogenic activities in the working population. These agents are viruses, bacteria, fungi, plant substances, invertebrate animals (mostly arthropods), and substances derived from vertebrate animals. At least 20 large occupational groups are exposed to these biohazards. The risk is greatest among health care and laboratory workers who are threatened by human pathogens and among agricultural workers who are at risk from dust-borne biological allergens and toxins and by parasitic worms in warm climates. There is growing evidence that biohazards are also important risk factors for many other professions, including woodworkers, workers of textile plants, sewage and compost workers, miners and renovators. Some suggestions for research and prevention for reducing the occupational risks from biohazards are discussed.
在工作人群中，至少有193种重要的生物制剂表现出感染性、致敏性、毒性或致癌活性。这些制剂包括病毒、细菌、真菌、植物物质、无脊椎动物（主要是节肢动物）以及脊椎动物衍生的物质。至少20个大型职业群体暴露于这些生物危害之中。风险在受到人类病原体威胁的医护人员和实验室工作人员以及面临尘土传播的生物过敏原、毒素和温暖气候下寄生虫风险的农业工人中最大。越来越多的证据表明，生物危害也是许多其他职业的重要风险因素，包括木工、纺织厂工人、污水和堆肥处理工人、矿工和翻新工人。本文讨论了一些关于研究和预防以降低生物危害职业风险的建议。
