Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany.
Plant Biotechnol J. 2019 Jun;17(6):1010-1026. doi: 10.1111/pbi.13084. Epub 2019 Feb 28.
Recent metagenomic studies have provided an unprecedented wealth of data, which are revolutionizing our understanding of virus diversity. A redrawn landscape highlights viruses as active players in the phytobiome, and surveys have uncovered their positive roles in environmental stress tolerance of plants. Viral infectious clones are key tools for functional characterization of known and newly identified viruses. Knowledge of viruses and their components has been instrumental for the development of modern plant molecular biology and biotechnology. In this review, we provide extensive guidelines built on current synthetic biology advances that streamline infectious clone assembly, thus lessening a major technical constraint of plant virology. The focus is on generation of infectious clones in binary T-DNA vectors, which are delivered efficiently to plants by Agrobacterium. We then summarize recent applications of plant viruses and explore emerging trends in microbiology, bacterial and human virology that, once translated to plant virology, could lead to the development of virus-based gene therapies for ad hoc engineering of plant traits. The systematic characterization of plant virus roles in the phytobiome and next-generation virus-based tools will be indispensable landmarks in the synthetic biology roadmap to better crops.
最近的宏基因组研究提供了前所未有的丰富数据，彻底改变了我们对病毒多样性的认识。一幅重新绘制的图景强调了病毒作为植物生物群中活跃参与者的作用，并揭示了它们在植物环境胁迫耐受中的积极作用。病毒感染性克隆是对已知和新鉴定病毒进行功能特征描述的关键工具。对病毒及其成分的了解是现代植物分子生物学和生物技术发展的基础。在这篇综述中，我们基于当前合成生物学的进展提供了广泛的指导方针，这些指导方针简化了感染性克隆的组装，从而减少了植物病毒学的一个主要技术限制。重点是在二元 T-DNA 载体中生成感染性克隆，这些载体可通过农杆菌高效递送至植物。然后，我们总结了植物病毒的最新应用，并探讨了细菌和人类病毒学中的新兴趋势，如果将其转化为植物病毒学，可能会导致基于病毒的基因治疗方法的发展，以专门设计植物性状。对植物病毒在植物生物群中的作用进行系统表征以及下一代基于病毒的工具，将是合成生物学路线图中改善作物的不可或缺的地标。
