Afewerki Samson, Sheikhi Amir, Kannan Soundarapandian, Ahadian Samad, Khademhosseini Ali
Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Dept. of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA 02142.
Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139.
Bioeng Transl Med. 2018 Dec 28;4(1):96-115. doi: 10.1002/btm2.10124. eCollection 2019 Jan.
Gelatin is a promising material as scaffold with therapeutic and regenerative characteristics due to its chemical similarities to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the native tissues, biocompatibility, biodegradability, low antigenicity, cost-effectiveness, abundance, and accessible functional groups that allow facile chemical modifications with other biomaterials or biomolecules. Despite the advantages of gelatin, poor mechanical properties, sensitivity to enzymatic degradation, high viscosity, and reduced solubility in concentrated aqueous media have limited its applications and encouraged the development of gelatin-based composite hydrogels. The drawbacks of gelatin may be surmounted by synergistically combining it with a wide range of polysaccharides. The addition of polysaccharides to gelatin is advantageous in mimicking the ECM, which largely contains proteoglycans or glycoproteins. Moreover, gelatin-polysaccharide biomaterials benefit from mechanical resilience, high stability, low thermal expansion, improved hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, and wound healing potential. Here, we discuss how combining gelatin and polysaccharides provides a promising approach for developing superior therapeutic biomaterials. We review gelatin-polysaccharides scaffolds and their applications in cell culture and tissue engineering, providing an outlook for the future of this family of biomaterials as advanced natural therapeutics.
由于明胶与天然组织中的细胞外基质（ECM）在化学性质上相似，具有生物相容性、生物可降解性、低抗原性、成本效益高、来源丰富以及具有便于与其他生物材料或生物分子进行化学修饰的官能团，因此它是一种具有治疗和再生特性的、很有前景的支架材料。尽管明胶具有诸多优点，但其较差的机械性能、对酶降解的敏感性、高粘度以及在浓缩水介质中溶解度降低等问题限制了其应用，并促使人们开发基于明胶的复合水凝胶。将明胶与多种多糖协同结合，可能会克服其缺点。在明胶中添加多糖有利于模拟ECM，因为ECM主要包含蛋白聚糖或糖蛋白。此外，明胶-多糖生物材料具有机械弹性、高稳定性、低热膨胀性、改善的亲水性、生物相容性、抗菌和抗炎特性以及伤口愈合潜力。在此，我们讨论将明胶和多糖结合如何为开发优质治疗性生物材料提供一种有前景的方法。我们综述了明胶-多糖支架及其在细胞培养和组织工程中的应用，展望了这类生物材料作为先进天然疗法的未来发展前景。
