Wang Xiaohong, Ao Qiang, Tian Xiaohong, Fan Jun, Tong Hao, Hou Weijian, Bai Shuling
Department of Tissue Engineering, Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
Center of Organ Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Polymers (Basel). 2017 Aug 30;9(9):401. doi: 10.3390/polym9090401.
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a family of enabling technologies that can be used to manufacture human organs with predefined hierarchical structures, material constituents and physiological functions. The main objective of these technologies is to produce high-throughput and/or customized organ substitutes (or bioartificial organs) with heterogeneous cell types or stem cells along with other biomaterials that are able to repair, replace or restore the defect/failure counterparts. Gelatin-based hydrogels, such as gelatin/fibrinogen, gelatin/hyaluronan and gelatin/alginate/fibrinogen, have unique features in organ 3D bioprinting technologies. This article is an overview of the intrinsic/extrinsic properties of the gelatin-based hydrogels in organ 3D bioprinting areas with advanced technologies, theories and principles. The state of the art of the physical/chemical crosslinking methods of the gelatin-based hydrogels being used to overcome the weak mechanical properties is highlighted. A multicellular model made from adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and differentiation in the predefined 3D constructs is emphasized. Multi-nozzle extrusion-based organ 3D bioprinting technologies have the distinguished potential to eventually manufacture implantable bioartificial organs for purposes such as customized organ restoration, high-throughput drug screening and metabolic syndrome model establishment.
三维（3D）生物打印是一系列使能技术，可用于制造具有预先定义的层次结构、材料成分和生理功能的人体器官。这些技术的主要目标是生产具有异质细胞类型或干细胞以及其他生物材料的高通量和/或定制器官替代物（或生物人工器官），能够修复、替换或恢复有缺陷/功能衰竭的对应器官。基于明胶的水凝胶，如明胶/纤维蛋白原、明胶/透明质酸和明胶/藻酸盐/纤维蛋白原，在器官3D生物打印技术中具有独特的特性。本文概述了基于明胶的水凝胶在器官3D生物打印领域的内在/外在特性，以及先进的技术、理论和原理。重点介绍了用于克服明胶基水凝胶力学性能较弱问题的物理/化学交联方法的现状。强调了在预定义的3D构建体中由脂肪干细胞增殖和分化制成的多细胞模型。基于多喷嘴挤出的器官3D生物打印技术具有显著的潜力，最终可制造用于定制器官修复、高通量药物筛选和代谢综合征模型建立等目的的可植入生物人工器官。
