MS-Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine la Timone, Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.
Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
J Nutr. 2020 Aug 1;150(8):2147-2155. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa145.
Many of the health benefits of tea have been attributed to its flavonoid content. Tea consumption in US adults varies by socioeconomic status (SES).
The present objective was to explore intakes of total flavonoids and flavonoid subclasses by participant sociodemographics and by patterns of tea consumption.
The present analyses were based on 2 d of dietary recalls for 17,506 persons aged >9 y in the 2011-2016 NHANES. The What We Eat in America nutrient composition database was merged with the USDA Expanded Flavonoid database, which included total flavonoids and flavan-3-ols (including catechins), flavanones, flavonols, anthocyanidins, flavones, and isoflavones. Flavonoid intakes were compared by sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, and income-to-poverty ratio (IPR) in univariate analyses. Flavonoid intakes of children and adults were also compared by tea consumption status. Time trends in flavonoid intakes were also examined.
Mean total flavonoid intake was 219 mg/d, of which flavan-3-ols provided 174 mg/d, or 79%. The highest total flavonoid intakes were found in adults aged 51-70 y (293 mg/d), non-Hispanic whites (251 mg/d) and in groups with college education (251 mg/d) and higher income (IPR >3.5: 249 mg/d) (P < 0.001 for all). The socioeconomic gradient was significant for anthocyanidins, flavonols, and flavones (P < 0.001 for all) but not for flavan-3-ols, and persisted across 3 cycles of NHANES. Adult tea consumers had higher intakes of total flavonoids (610 mg/d compared with 141 mg/d) and flavan-3-ols (542 mg/d compared with 97.8 mg/d) than did nonconsumers (P < 0.001). Time trend analyses showed that both tea consumption and flavonoid intakes were unchanged from 2011 to 2016.
Flavonoid intakes in children and adults in the NHANES 2011-16 sample were associated with higher SES and were largely determined by tea consumption. Studies of diet and disease risk need to take sociodemographic gradients and eating and drinking habits into account.
许多茶的健康益处都归因于其类黄酮含量。美国成年人的茶消费量因社会经济地位（SES）而异。
本研究旨在探讨参与者的社会人口统计学特征和饮茶模式与总类黄酮和类黄酮亚类摄入量的关系。
本分析基于 2011-2016 年 NHANES 中 17506 名年龄大于 9 岁的个体的 2 天膳食回顾。美国农业部扩展类黄酮数据库与我们的饮食中摄入的营养素数据库合并，该数据库包括总类黄酮和黄烷-3-醇（包括儿茶素）、黄烷酮、黄酮醇、花青素、黄酮和异黄酮。在单变量分析中，根据性别、年龄、种族/族裔、教育程度和收入贫困率（IPR）比较类黄酮的摄入量。还比较了儿童和成人的茶消费状况的类黄酮摄入量。还检查了类黄酮摄入量的时间趋势。
平均总类黄酮摄入量为 219mg/d，其中黄烷-3-醇提供 174mg/d，占 79%。51-70 岁的成年人（293mg/d）、非西班牙裔白人（251mg/d）、具有大学学历（251mg/d）和高收入（IPR>3.5：249mg/d）的人总类黄酮摄入量最高（P<0.001）。类黄酮摄入量存在显著的社会经济梯度，在花青素、黄酮醇和黄酮（均 P<0.001）中存在，但在黄烷-3-醇中不存在，并且在 NHANES 的 3 个周期中均持续存在。成年饮茶者的总类黄酮（610mg/d 比 141mg/d）和黄烷-3-醇（542mg/d 比 97.8mg/d）摄入量高于非饮茶者（P<0.001）。时间趋势分析表明，从 2011 年到 2016 年，茶的消费和类黄酮的摄入量均未发生变化。
NHANES 2011-16 样本中儿童和成人的类黄酮摄入量与较高的 SES 相关，主要由茶的消费决定。研究饮食与疾病风险需要考虑社会人口统计学梯度和饮食和饮酒习惯。
