Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Way, Bellville, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
Toxins (Basel). 2019 Jan 28;11(2):72. doi: 10.3390/toxins11020072.
Endophytic entomopathogenic fungi are being explored for the management of phytophagous insect pests. The effects of (Hypocreales) inoculation of grape plants on the infestation level of , tissue nutrient contents, and growth and volatile constituents of potted grape plants were assessed. Grapevine plants were individually inoculated with a suspension of 1 × 10⁸ conidia mL of by drenching before experimentally infesting each of them with thirty adult females of . At four weeks post-treatment, the fungus was re-isolated from leaves of 50% of the fungus-exposed plants. However, no significant difference ( > 0.05) was observed in all the plant growth parameters measured in the fungus-treated and control plants. Plant tissue analysis revealed markedly higher contents of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the leaf tissue of plants exposed to the relative to the control. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses showed that a significantly (² = 5.1; < 0.02) higher number of known anti-insect volatile compounds (nine) were present among fungus treated plants compared to the control plants (five). Naphthalene, which is toxic to insects and humans, was detected only in the volatiles of the fungus-exposed plants. did not have any significant effect on total polyphenol, alkaloid, and flavonoids. Overall, treatment with fungus did not inhibit the infestation by . In conclusion, these findings shed light on some of the mechanisms involved in endophytic fungus-plant-insect interactions.
内生昆虫病原真菌正被探索用于防治植食性昆虫害虫。评估了（Hypocreales）接种葡萄植株对 的侵染水平、组织养分含量、盆栽葡萄植株的生长和挥发性成分的影响。通过淋洗，将 1×10⁸ 个分生孢子 mL 的悬浮液单独接种到葡萄植株中，然后在每个植株上实验性地感染三十只成年雌性 。在处理后四周，从暴露于真菌的植物叶片中重新分离出 50%的真菌。然而，在真菌处理和对照植物中测量的所有植物生长参数均无显著差异（>0.05）。植物组织分析显示，暴露于 的植物叶片中钙（Ca）和镁（Mg）的含量明显更高，与对照相比。气相色谱质谱联用分析（GC-MS）显示，与对照植物（五种）相比，处理过的植物中存在数量明显更高（²=5.1；<0.02）的已知抗虫挥发性化合物（九种）。萘，对昆虫和人类有毒，仅在暴露于真菌的植物挥发物中检测到。真菌处理对总多酚、生物碱和类黄酮没有任何显著影响。总的来说，真菌处理并没有抑制 的侵染。总之，这些发现揭示了一些内生真菌-植物-昆虫相互作用的机制。
