Management of symptomatic degenerative low-grade lumbar spondylolisthesis.

Degenerative low-grade lumbar spondylolisthesis is the most common form of spondylolisthesis.The majority of patients are asymptomatic and do not require surgical intervention.Symptomatic patients present with a combination of lower back pain, radiculopathy and/or neurogenic claudication and may warrant surgery if non-operative measures fail.There is widespread controversy regarding the indications for surgery and appropriate treatment strategies for patients with this type of spondylolisthesis.This article provides a comprehensive evidence-based review of the available literature to support the management of degenerative low-grade spondylolisthesis. Cite this article: 2018;3:620-631. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.180020.