World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya.
Vulnerability, Analysis, and Mapping Unit, United Nations World Food Programme, Rome, Italy.
PLoS One. 2019 Jan 30;14(1):e0210050. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210050. eCollection 2019.
Despite progress in fighting undernutrition, Africa has the highest rates of undernutrition globally, exacerbated by drought and conflict. Mobile phones are emerging as a tool for rapid, cost effective data collection at scale in Africa, as mobile phone subscriptions and phone ownership increase at the highest rates globally. To assess the feasibility and biases of collecting nutrition data via computer assisted telephone interviews (CATI) to mobile phones, we measured Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) and Minimum Acceptable Diet for Infants and Young Children (MAD) using a one-week test-retest study on 1,821 households in Kenya. Accuracy and bias were assessed by comparing individual scores and population prevalence of undernutrition collected via CATI with data collected via traditional face-to-face (F2F) surveys. We were able to reach 75% (n = 1366) of study participants via CATI. Women's reported nutrition scores did not change with mode for MDD-W, but children's nutrition scores were significantly higher when measured via CATI for both the dietary diversity (mean increase of 0.45 food groups, 95% confidence interval 0.34-0.56) and meal frequency (mean increase of 0.75 meals per day, 95% confidence interval 0.53-0.96) components of MAD. This resulted in a 17% higher inferred prevalence of adequate diets for infants and young children via CATI. Women without mobile-phone access were younger and had fewer assets than women with access, but only marginally lower dietary diversity, resulting in a small non-coverage bias of 1-7% due to exclusion of participants without mobile phones. Thus, collecting nutrition data from rural women in Africa with mobile phones may result in 0% (no change) to as much as 25% higher nutrition estimates than collecting that information in face-to-face interviews.
尽管在对抗营养不良方面取得了进展，但非洲仍是全球营养不良率最高的地区，干旱和冲突使情况更加恶化。在全球范围内，移动电话的订阅量和拥有率增长最快，移动电话正成为在非洲进行快速、具有成本效益的大规模数据收集的工具。为了评估通过计算机辅助电话访谈（CATI）收集营养数据的可行性和偏差，我们在肯尼亚对 1821 户家庭进行了为期一周的测试-重测研究，以衡量妇女最低饮食多样性（MDD-W）和婴幼儿最低可接受饮食（MAD）。通过 CATI 收集的个体得分和营养不良人口患病率与通过传统面对面（F2F）调查收集的数据进行比较，评估了准确性和偏差。我们通过 CATI 能够联系到 75%（n=1366）的研究参与者。MDD-W 的妇女营养评分不因模式而改变，但当通过 CATI 测量时，儿童的营养评分显著更高，饮食多样性（平均增加 0.45 种食物组，95%置信区间 0.34-0.56）和膳食频率（平均每天增加 0.75 餐，95%置信区间 0.53-0.96）方面的分数均更高。这导致通过 CATI 推断婴幼儿适当饮食的比例提高了 17%。没有移动电话接入的妇女比有接入的妇女更年轻，资产也更少，但饮食多样性仅略低，由于排除了没有移动电话的参与者，因此存在 1-7%的小非覆盖偏差。因此，通过移动电话收集非洲农村妇女的营养数据，与面对面访谈相比，营养估计值可能增加 0%（无变化）到 25%。
