Section for Trauma, Catastrophes and Forced Migration - Adults and Elderly, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, PB 181 Nydalen, Oslo, Norway.
Norwegian National Unit for Hearing Impairment and Mental Health, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, PB 1039 Blindern, Oslo, Norway.
Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2019 Feb 1;17(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s12955-019-1096-y.
Little is known about whether and to what extent loneliness impacts the lives of people with visual impairment (VI). Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of and factors associated with loneliness in adults with VI, and to examine its association with life satisfaction.
This cross-sectional interview study included a probability sample of 736 adults (≥18 years old) with VI who were members of the Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted. The interviews took place from January to May 2017, collecting information about sociodemographics, VI characteristics, adverse life events, loneliness (Three Item Loneliness Scale), and life satisfaction (Cantril's Ladder of Life Satisfaction). The prevalence of loneliness was compared to data obtained from the general Norwegian population (N = 14,884; mean age 46.4 years; 50.7% females).
The prevalence of moderate and severe loneliness in the VI population was 28.7% (95% CI: 25.4, 32.1) and 19.7% (95% CI: 16.9, 22.8), respectively. The rates were consistently higher across age groups compared to the general population. Loneliness was associated with younger age, blindness, having other impairments, unemployment, and a history of bullying or abuse. In addition, higher scores on loneliness were associated with lower levels of life satisfaction (fully adjusted β = - 0.48, 95% CI: - 0.55, - 0.41).
Loneliness is common in adults with VI. Strategies capable of reducing loneliness could improve life satisfaction among people who are blind or visually impaired.
对于孤独感是否以及在何种程度上影响视力障碍者（VI）的生活，人们知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在调查 VI 成年人中孤独感的流行程度和相关因素，并研究其与生活满意度的关系。
这是一项横断面访谈研究，纳入了挪威盲人与部分视力损伤者协会的 736 名符合条件的成年人（≥18 岁）作为概率样本。访谈于 2017 年 1 月至 5 月进行，收集了社会人口统计学、VI 特征、生活不良事件、孤独感（三项目孤独量表）和生活满意度（坎特里尔生活满意度梯级量表）的信息。将孤独感的流行率与从普通挪威人群（N=14884；平均年龄 46.4 岁；女性占 50.7%）中获得的数据进行了比较。
VI 人群中中度和重度孤独感的患病率分别为 28.7%（95%CI：25.4，32.1）和 19.7%（95%CI：16.9，22.8）。与普通人群相比，各年龄段的比率均较高。孤独感与年龄较小、失明、有其他障碍、失业以及遭受欺凌或虐待的经历有关。此外，孤独感得分较高与生活满意度较低相关（完全调整后的β=-0.48，95%CI：-0.55，-0.41）。
孤独感在 VI 成年人中很常见。能够减少孤独感的策略可以提高视障人士的生活满意度。
