Department of Environment, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section One, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, No. 24, South Section One, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 May 1;663:329-337. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.262. Epub 2019 Jan 23.
China's rapid economic growth has caused severe air pollution, raising serious concerns about the growing evidence of its negative health, environmental, and economic impacts. Consequently, the Chinese government has implemented a number of policies and measures to reduce air pollution. Relying on published information over the last three decades in China, we analyzed trends in air pollutant emissions (SO and NO) and concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O). During the past decade, SO and NO emissions had declined throughout China and concentrations of PM and PM had considerably decreased in most cities, but average reported 90th MDA8 O, M7, and AOT40 O for 31 capital cities showed an increasing trend between 2013 and 2017. Despite progress in air pollution reduction and an increasing number of "clear sky" days, PM concentrations throughout China remain higher than the World Health Organization guidelines, and urban smog and haze remain a major threat to human health and the environment. Thus far, significant emission reductions have occurred largely through robust administrative power, especially when emission reductions were tied to the performance evaluations and promotion of government officials. Similar to most already-industrialized nations, China is now shifting away from SO-dominated to NO- and O-dominated air pollution. Existing technologies and improved operations of existing control equipment appear unlikely to achieve sufficient reductions in NO and O pollution. Considering the complex relationship between O, NO, VOCs, weather, and socio-economic changes in China, it is necessary to increase research on impacts of increasing ozone on plants and to adopt novel technologies and implemented to further reduce air pollution to levels that will protect human health and the environment.
中国经济的快速增长导致了严重的空气污染，越来越多的证据表明其对健康、环境和经济造成了负面影响，引起了严重关注。因此，中国政府已经实施了许多政策和措施来减少空气污染。我们利用过去三十年在中国发表的信息，分析了空气污染物排放（SO 和 NO）和颗粒物（PM）及臭氧（O）浓度的趋势。在过去的十年中，中国各地的 SO 和 NO 排放量都有所下降，大多数城市的 PM 和 PM 浓度也大幅降低，但 31 个省会城市报告的 90 百分位数 MDA8 O、M7 和 AOT40 O 在 2013 年至 2017 年间呈上升趋势。尽管在减少空气污染和增加“蓝天”天数方面取得了进展，但中国的 PM 浓度仍高于世界卫生组织的指导值，城市烟雾和雾霾仍然是人类健康和环境的主要威胁。迄今为止，大量的减排主要是通过强大的行政权力实现的，特别是当减排与政府官员的绩效评估和晋升挂钩时。与大多数已经工业化的国家一样，中国现在正从以 SO 为主导的空气污染转向以 NO 和 O 为主导的空气污染。现有的技术和改进现有控制设备的运行情况似乎不太可能充分减少 NO 和 O 污染。考虑到 O、NO、VOCs、天气和中国社会经济变化之间复杂的关系，有必要增加对臭氧增加对植物影响的研究，并采用新的技术和实施措施，进一步将空气污染降低到保护人类健康和环境的水平。
