Ballesteros José L, Tacchini Massimo, Spagnoletti Antonella, Grandini Alessandro, Paganetto Guglielmo, Neri Luca Maria, Marengo Arianna, Angiolella Letizia, Guerrini Alessandra, Sacchetti Gianni
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Biology Lab., Technopole Lab. Terra&Acqua Tech (Research Unit 7), University of Ferrara, P.le Chiappini 3, 44123 Ferrara, Italy.
Department of Life Sciences, Politécnica Salesiana University, 17025 Quito, Ecuador.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Jan 1;2019:6194640. doi: 10.1155/2019/6194640. eCollection 2019.
Ruiz & Pav. (Piperaceae) is a perennial aromatic shrub of Amazonian area of Ecuador and Peru, belonging to the ethnomedicine of these countries. The traditional preparations of the crude drug (fresh leaves used topically as is, and dried leaves in infusions or decoctions) are known for anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antidiarrheal, antiparasitic effects, and wound healing properties. In light of this traditional evidence, chemical composition (GC-MS) and biological activity, i.e., antioxidant, antifungal (yeast) capacities, and genotoxicity, of Amazonian leaf essential oil (EO) have been investigated in order to valorize some of the putative ethnomedical effects. The EO was obtained through steam distillation of fresh leaves (yield: 7.6 g/kg [0.76%]; refractive index at 20°C: 1.49; density: 0.928 g/mL). Chemical characterization performed through GC-MS evidenced the presence of 21 compounds (96.2% of the total). The most abundant constituents were piperitone (26.2%), limonene (9.5%), elemicin (7.2%), and -phellandrene (5.6%). DPPH antioxidant assay showed a weak radical scavenging ability (IC) if compared to positive control. Low bioactivity of the EO was also demonstrated against yeast, but it showed an interesting synergistic activity (FIC index of EO+fluconazole) against sp. strains. Ames test evidenced the safety of the EO concerning genotoxicity.
鲁伊斯胡椒（胡椒科）是一种生长在厄瓜多尔和秘鲁亚马逊地区的多年生芳香灌木，属于这些国家的民族医学用药。该生药的传统制剂（新鲜叶子直接外用，干燥叶子用于冲泡或煎剂）以其抗炎、抗溃疡、止泻、抗寄生虫作用以及伤口愈合特性而闻名。鉴于这些传统证据，为了证实一些假定的民族医学功效，对亚马逊地区叶子的精油（EO）进行了化学成分（气相色谱 - 质谱联用）分析以及生物活性研究，即抗氧化、抗真菌（酵母）能力和遗传毒性研究。通过对新鲜叶子进行水蒸气蒸馏获得了该精油（得率：7.6克/千克[0.76%]；20°C时的折射率：1.49；密度：0.928克/毫升）。通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用进行的化学表征证实了21种化合物的存在（占总量的96.2%）。含量最丰富的成分是胡椒酮（26.2%）、柠檬烯（9.5%）、榄香素（7.2%）和α - 水芹烯（5.6%）。与阳性对照相比，二苯基苦味酰基自由基（DPPH）抗氧化试验显示出较弱的自由基清除能力（半数抑制浓度）。该精油对酵母也显示出较低的生物活性，但对特定的酵母菌株显示出有趣的协同活性（精油 + 氟康唑的联合抑菌系数）。艾姆斯试验证明了该精油在遗传毒性方面的安全性。
