Faculty of Education of Albacete, Department of Didactics of Musical Expression, Plastic Arts and Self-Expression through Movement, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain.
Faculty of Health Sciences and Education, Department of Psychology, Madrid Open University, 28400 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Feb 1;16(3):427. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16030427.
The present research aimed to study the psycho-motor performance of five-year-old children with different body mass indices (BMI). A total of 694 pre-school children in the province of Albacete-Spain participated. Their performance in motor, perceptual, and social-emotional skills was analyzed using a standardized observation sheet (Checklist of Psychomotor Activities-CPA) and then compared according to their BMI using non-parametric statistical methods (Mann-Whitney test). Separate comparisons were made for girls and boys. Results indicated significant differences in performance amongst the groups of girls in all the motor and perceptual activities, and in the social relationships component of the social-emotional factor. These differences seemed to penalize motor activities, perceptual skills, and social relationships in overweight and obese girls compared to normal weight girls. In the case of boys, there were significant differences in laterality and visual-motor coordination (favoring overweight boys). Differences in respiratory control were also found, but in this case, penalizing obese boys compared to normal weight boys. Knowledge of possible psychomotor limitations in obese children could allow psychologists and healthcare professionals to design more focused interventions.
本研究旨在研究不同身体质量指数（BMI）的五岁儿童的心理运动表现。共有来自西班牙阿尔瓦塞特省的 694 名学龄前儿童参与了研究。使用标准化观察表（心理运动活动检查表-CPA）分析了他们在运动、感知和社会情感技能方面的表现，然后使用非参数统计方法（曼-惠特尼检验）根据 BMI 进行了比较。分别对女孩和男孩进行了比较。结果表明，在所有的运动和感知活动中，以及在社会情感因素的社会关系组成部分，女孩组的表现存在显著差异。与正常体重女孩相比，超重和肥胖女孩的运动活动、感知技能和社会关系似乎受到了惩罚。对于男孩，在侧性和视觉运动协调方面存在显著差异（有利于超重男孩）。还发现了呼吸控制方面的差异，但在这种情况下，肥胖男孩比正常体重男孩受到惩罚。了解肥胖儿童可能存在的心理运动限制，可以让心理学家和医疗保健专业人员设计更有针对性的干预措施。
