Cheng J, East P, Blanco E, Sim E Kang, Castillo M, Lozoff B, Gahagan S
University of California, San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, San Diego, CA, USA.
University of Chile, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Santiago, Chile.
Child Care Health Dev. 2016 May;42(3):343-50. doi: 10.1111/cch.12336. Epub 2016 Apr 5.
Poor motor skills have been consistently linked with a higher body weight in childhood, but the causal direction of this association is not fully understood. This study investigated the temporal ordering between children's motor skills and weight status at 5 and 10 years.
Participants were 668 children (54% male) who were studied from infancy as part of an iron deficiency anaemia preventive trial and follow-up study in Santiago, Chile. All were healthy, full-term and weighing 3 kg or more at birth. Cross-lagged panel modelling was conducted to understand the temporal precedence between children's weight status and motor proficiency. Analyses also examined differences in gross and fine motor skills among healthy weight, overweight, and obese children.
A higher BMI at 5 years contributed to declines in motor proficiency from 5 to 10 years. There was no support for the reverse, that is, poor motor skills at 5 years did not predict increases in relative weight from 5 to 10 years. Obesity at 5 years also predicted declines in motor proficiency. When compared with normal weight children, obese children had significantly poorer total and gross motor skills at both 5 and 10 years. Overweight children had poorer total and gross motor skills at 10 years only. The differences in total and gross motor skills among normal weight, overweight and obese children appear to increase with age. There were small differences in fine motor skill between obese and non-obese children at 5 years only.
Obesity preceded declines in motor skills and not the reverse. Study findings suggest that early childhood obesity intervention efforts might help prevent declines in motor proficiency that, in turn, may positively impact children's physical activity and overall fitness levels.
运动技能差一直与儿童时期较高的体重有关，但这种关联的因果方向尚未完全明确。本研究调查了儿童在5岁和10岁时运动技能与体重状况之间的时间顺序。
参与者为668名儿童（54%为男性），他们从婴儿期开始作为智利圣地亚哥一项缺铁性贫血预防试验和随访研究的一部分接受研究。所有儿童均健康、足月出生，出生时体重3千克或以上。采用交叉滞后面板模型来了解儿童体重状况和运动能力之间的时间先后顺序。分析还考察了健康体重、超重和肥胖儿童在粗大和精细运动技能方面的差异。
5岁时较高的体重指数导致5至10岁时运动能力下降。没有证据支持相反的情况，即5岁时运动技能差并不能预测5至10岁时相对体重的增加。5岁时肥胖也预示着运动能力下降。与正常体重儿童相比，肥胖儿童在5岁和10岁时的总运动技能和粗大运动技能均显著较差。超重儿童仅在10岁时总运动技能和粗大运动技能较差。正常体重、超重和肥胖儿童在总运动技能和粗大运动技能方面的差异似乎随年龄增长而增加。仅在5岁时，肥胖和非肥胖儿童在精细运动技能方面存在微小差异。
肥胖先于运动技能下降，而非相反。研究结果表明，幼儿肥胖干预措施可能有助于预防运动能力下降，这反过来可能对儿童的身体活动和整体健康水平产生积极影响。
